How do stiffness, density, and temperature affect sound waves? Primary Engineering Controls (PECs): The Hoods Ease of batching multiple dosesSecondary Engineering Controls (SECs): The Room Supplemental Engineering Controls: The Tools The Hoods Some PECs, such as laminar airflow cabinets, simply facilitate product pro-tection, while others, such as containment primary engineering controls (C- %PDF-1.4 /T1_6 12 0 R Mill scale is not removed; however, if the surface was previously blast cleaned, the profile of the original substrate can be restored. Finally, a wet-vac system is used to clean the surface, although hard-to-reach areas may not be accessible to the vacuum. Ventilation, either local or dilution (general), is probably the most important engineering control available to the safety and health professional to maintain airborne concentrations of lead at acceptable levels. CONSAD Research Corporation. This system uses compressed air to propel the abrasive medium to the surface being cleaned; however, water (which reduces dusting) is injected into the abrasive stream either before or after the abrasive exits the nozzle (Figure V:3-1). 0000004636 00000 n /T1_1 7 0 R /ExtGState << Examples include local exhaust ventilation to capture and remove airborne emissions or machine guards to shield the worker. This includes: Administrative controls and PPE require significant and ongoing effort by workers and their supervisors. Because some substitute materials may have their own unique hazards, the MSDS for the substitute material should be consulted before it is used. Engineering controls protect workers by removing or reducing hazardous conditions such as harmful dust or dangerous noise levels. /T1_4 7 0 R This is done by a crew of workers simultaneously chipping away the old mortar by hand. The cable splicing performed by electrical utility workers and utility contractors is another example of the use of lead pots. 0000003873 00000 n Order entry 1993a. An engineering control measure is one that eliminates, isolates, or removes a hazard from the workplace; things used in the workplace to help reduce the risk of an exposure. Standard engineering controls in BSL-1 laboratories include easily cleaned surfaces that are able to withstand the basic chemicals used in the laboratory. This process (original enzyme $\rightarrow$ denatured enzyme) is endothermic and spontaneous. Chemical stripping, vacuum-shrouded hand tools, vacuum blasting, or other suitable method may be used. Wet abrasive blast cleaning is a modification of traditional open abrasive blast cleaning. Lead burning, a process by which virgin or alloyed lead is melted with a torch or otherwise fused to another lead object, is typically performed in maintenance operations on electrostatic precipitators or during the installation of lead shot, bricks, or sheets in the walls or floors of health-care x-ray units or industrial sites. A system used to keep external air, which may contain airborne toxic substances, from entering the building. The temperature of the operation is of major importance because temperature determines the vapor pressure of the metals that are heated and therefore the potential concentration of metal fumes to which the employee may be exposed. The LD50\mathrm{LD}_{50}LD50 for vitamin A\mathrm{A}A is 1510mg/kg1510 \mathrm{~mg} / \mathrm{kg}1510mg/kg (rat, oral). 0000020737 00000 n Power tool cleaning with dust collection systems, Power tool cleaning without dust collection systems, Cleanup of dry expendable abrasive blasting jobs, Abrasive blasting enclosure movement and removal. Work clothing should be worn only on the job site. If you have additional questions about the SPCC program, please call our Oil Information Center at (800) 424-9346 or TDD (800) 553-7672. /Filter /FlateDecode When employees use PPE, employers should implement a PPE program. Substitution CDC twenty four seven. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. The disadvantages of using water are that inhibitors may be necessary to avoid flash rusting, the containment must be designed to capture the water and debris generated by the cleaning process, wet abrasive/paint debris is more difficult to handle and transport than dry debris, and, unless the water can be filtered, it may add to the volume of debris generated. Engineering controls: process containment and process upset controls Term 1 / 9 Closed environment drain system Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 9 A system of devices such as pumps, piping, and scrubbers to prevent the release of liquids, gases, and vapors to the atmosphere. /Resources << Good supervision is another important work practice. The abrasive medium, generally steel shot/grit, sand, or slag, is propelled through a hose by compressed air. 0000015971 00000 n Brief descriptions of the facility and engineering concepts for the conduct of microbiological research are also provided. All exhaust systems and vacuum equipment must be equipped with HEPA filters. 5 0 obj 0000010586 00000 n The containment must be constructed to collect water rather than to control dust emissions. These particles are removed from the work area by the built-in vacuum system. /Count 2 Controls of this type generally involve scheduling of the work or the worker. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. stream Health Hazard Evaluation Report. The high-density foam cleaning medium is absorptive and can be used either wet or dry. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] A fume-extractor gun that removes fumes from the point of generation (Figure V:3-3) is an alternative to an exhaust hood for gas-shielded arc-welding processes. These miscellaneous activities occur in conjunction with lead abatement or in-place management activities that have been previously addressed (i.e. Although OSHA does not prohibit the use of methylene chloride-based stripping products, some local, State, and other Federal authorities may prohibit its use in residential units. If encapsulation is used over a surface covered with intact paint, little dust is generated and cleanup and waste disposal problems are therefore minimized. Such extraction systems can reduce breathing zone concentrations by 70% or more (Hughes and Amendola, 1982). Steel Structures Painting Council, Lead Paint Removal: Meeting the Challenge, SSPC 91-05:117-130. Summary of Secondary Engineering Controls Required for Each Classification of Compounded Sterile Preparation (CSP) Type of CSP per USP Chapter <797> ISO Class Requirement Segregated Compound- Engineering controls, such as ventilation, and good work practices are the preferred methods of minimizing exposures to airborne lead at the worksite. Local exhaust ventilation, which includes both portable ventilation systems and shrouded tools supplied with ventilation, is generally the preferred method. The exposure ranges assigned to the different categories of tasks are based on data collected by OSHA and other sources including two advisory groups. The primary risks that determine levels of containment are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and the nature of the work conducted. /ArtBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Most biological enzymes become denatured when they are heated and lose their ability to catalyze reactions. Recycling equipment must be well-maintained and regularly monitored to ensure it is removing lead effectively. If not, the volume of debris can be high. This can be accomplished by employing either a downdraft or crossdraft ventilation system that is properly balanced by a make-up air supply. a. DNA and RNA Exhaust ventilation must be equipped with an appropriate HEPA filtration/collection system. /T1_1 8 0 R when airflow is on one side of the object, Six inches from the outer edge of LAFW Such materials must be collected and put into sealed impermeable bags or other closed impermeable containers. 0000020258 00000 n Industrial vacuuming involves the use of vehicle-mounted vacuum systems to clean various areas of industrial facilities. Lead dust on overhead ledges, equipment, floors, and other surfaces must be removed to prevent traffic, vibration, or random air currents from re-entraining the lead-laden dust and making it airborne again. The process of heating the lead and applying it as a liquid presents an opportunity for exposure to lead-oxide fumes. K. Manual Scraping and Sanding of Lead-Based Paints, L. Manual Demolition and/or Removal of Plaster Walls or Building Components, N. Chemical Stripping of Lead-Based Paint. Hand sanding can also produce excessive dust. A recent NIOSH publication (NIOSH 1992) points out the dangers of "take-home" lead contamination. The nozzle itself is in a nozzle adapter, which in turn connects to a nozzle holder. When employee exposure is above the PEL, the lead standard requires the employer to provide, and ensure that workers use, adequate shower facilities (where feasible), hand-washing facilities, clean change areas, and separate noncontaminated eating areas. 1993b. The concentric cylinders are $50 \mathrm{~cm}$ long. However, in choosing alternative methods, a hazard evaluation should be conducted to identify inherent hazards of the method and equipment. The sodium bicarbonate will not remove paint, rust, and mill scale as efficiently as sand or slag abrasives. %PDF-1.4 % Calculate the mass, in grams, of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ present in $54.3 \mathrm{~g}$ of $0.91 \% \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution. The PEC is first cleaned with a germicidal detergent. Workers who do not shower and change into clean clothing before leaving the worksite may contaminate their homes and vehicles with lead dust. Chemical stripping of old paint coatings is performed by applying solvent- or caustic-based strippers to the surface, either by hand or spray gun. Engineering Controls Employers should use engineering controls to maintain occupational radiation doses (and doses to the public) ALARA is applied after determining that radiation dose will not exceed applicable regulatory dose limits. Generally, the sequence of events in setting up, tearing down, and moving of a containment structure on a bridge project is as follows: First, a section of the bridge is blast-cleaned and primed within the enclosure. /T1_2 11 0 R CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Evaluate Exposure This could include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool. A safety device that detects the flow of current to the ground and opens the circuit to interrupt the flow. Back 0000016605 00000 n Calculate the viscosity of the fluid. In addition, engineering controls can save money in other areas of the work process or facility operation. These operations are discussed below. This could include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool. According to industry sources, lead slag is no longer used in the manufacture of mineral wool, although lead can be present as a trace impurity (CONSAD 1993). A variety of heads are available to achieve a tight seal for inside corners, outside corners, and flat surfaces. Controlling exposures to hazards in the workplace is vital to protecting workers. These controls focus on the source of the hazard, unlike other types of controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard. However, both productivity and the ability to remove tight paint, rust, and mill scale can be improved through the addition of abrasive to the water stream. This figure shows a fume-extractor gun, with exhaust openings at the end labeled. Finally, because only the paint is removed, the surface may need to be "brush-off" blasted with an abrasive to produce a rough surface to facilitate adhesion of the new coating. Engineering controls function with minimum user input and do not rely on the skill or vigilance of individuals. This may include: PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards. Three separate miscellaneous activities representative of the jobs performed by this group of workers are discussed below. This restricts the dispersion of the abrasive and thus the size of the area that can be cleaned. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. This process is repeated several times until the metal is too cold to pour. Prime coat painting must follow blasting immediately to prevent surface rust from forming. Verify that Eq. When recabling elevator ropes, it is necessary to secure the ends of the wire ropes in the baskets of thimble rods (sockets) at each end of the cable to keep the multi strand cable from unwinding. Typically, five to ten gallons of water per minute are used. Dust generation, debris generation, and the type of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting are comparable to those in high-pressure water jetting. The other activities typically take place in a workshop and are therefore covered under the general industry lead standard (. The material in this chapter will help OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals apply their resources to the industrial-hygiene problems associated with lead exposures in the construction industry. >> 0000006516 00000 n PPE can be effective, but only when workers use it correctly and consistently. These workers are not directly involved in the lead-generating activity but may nonetheless be exposed to lead in the course of their work. Lead must be included in the grout to ensure the structural integrity of the tank, i.e., lead is one of the few materials that can withstand the corrosive effects of the acids in use. Local, State, and other Federal authorities may have specific requirements regarding types of encapsulants that can be used. This technique does not create a profile (mechanically induced toothing pattern to enhance the adhesion of high-performance coatings) on its own, but if the original surface was blast cleaned, high-pressure water jetting can be used to remove the old paint and restore the original profile. CDC twenty four seven. Other members of the household may then be exposed to harmful amounts of lead. Three types of engineering controls are defined in <800>: 1. Power-tool cleaning involves the use of power-operated impact, grinding, or brushing tools. Which of the following primary engineering controls are designed for compounding nonhazardous sterile preparations? Figure V:3-1. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. This figure illustrates the usage of a shrouded tool. The magnitude of the painter's particulate exposure to lead is dependent on the product used, its lead content, and the quantity of paint applied. Use of a flexible duct system requires that the welder be instructed to keep the duct close to the emission source and to ensure the duct is not twisted or bent. NIOSH Division of Safety Research. >> << Hydraulic shears can sometimes be used to mechanically cut steel that is coated with lead based-paint. This review should consider how the substitute will combine with other agents in the workplace. Engineering controls can be sophisticated devices (such as biosafety cabinets) and very simple devices (such as bench shields or biohazard waste receptacles). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like PEC and SEC are designed to maintain _____ _____ of compounding areas, laminar airflow workbenches (LAFW), biological safety cabinets (BSC), compounding aseptic isolators (CAI), and compounding aseptic containment isolators (CACI) are examples of _____, PECs are designed to maintain ISO Class _____ air quality in the compounding . By directing a worker to position the exhaust hood properly or to improve work practice, such as standing to the side or upwind of the cutting torch to avoid the smoke plume, a supervisor can do much to minimize unnecessary employee exposure to airborne contaminants. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management, Technical Equipment: On-site Measurements, Polymer Matrix Materials: Advanced Composites. Premier is a healthcare alliance entirely owned by more than 200 of the nation's leading not-for-profit hospitals . Engineering controls may be implemented at the source of the hazard, along its path, or at the worker. Partial or full containments can be used to contain entire structures or portions thereof. Six inches from back of LAFW Electricians soldering electrical connections, plumbers soldering nonpotable water lines, or roofers repairing tin flashing could all experience these short-term and intermittent lead exposures. The brushes prevent dispersion of the abrasive and debris as they rebound from the steel surface. Encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has therefore recommended since 1974 that silica sand (or other substances containing more than 1% crystalline silica) be prohibited as abrasive blasting material. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. The medium provides the impact needed to break the paint coating up into larger particles, and particle rebound is low because of the energy absorbed by the foam. 0000004973 00000 n NIOSH researchers help prevent occupational disease and injury by conducting engineering control technology evaluations and developing practical, solutions-oriented control technology interventions. Work practices involve the way a task is performed. Removal and replacement is the process of removing components (such as windows, doors, kitchen cabinets, and trim) that have lead-painted surfaces and installing new components that are free of lead-containing paint. 2VzXi\^E ?_[ They include sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing needles, and safer medical devices, such as sharps with engineered sharps-injury protection and needleless systems. Lead health hazards in this operation, as in welding and torch cutting, are from lead that is superheated and released into the worker's breathing zone in the form of a fume. Engineering controls, including facility construction and design elements in the laboratory space; Safety equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and biosafety cabinets; Administrative controls, including specific access, training, and occupational medicine policies; and If feasible, design the facility, equipment, or process to remove the hazard and/or substitute something that is not hazardous or is less hazardous. Economic Analysis of OSHA's Interim Final Standard for Lead in Construction. Lead exposures are generated when a piece of lead-based painted steel is heated to its melting point either by an oxyacetylene torch or an arc welder. You can compound non-hazardous materials in hazardous areas but not the other way around, Initial installation Process gases are compressible; liquids are not. 0000007199 00000 n Engineering controls are the first line of defense in protecting workers from hazardous exposures. A biological safety cabinet has what type of airflow, Which Class of BSCs provides personnel and environmental protection, but no product protection, Between Class 2 Type A1 and Class 2 Type A2, which one should not to be used for work involving volatile hazardous medications, Class 2 TYpe A1 Engineering controls can cost more upfront than administrative controls or PPE. Differential pressure 0._____" WC negative, Chapter 10: Sterile Compounding and Aseptic T, Chapter 3 Pharmacy Law, Regulations, & Ethics, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. /Parent 2 0 R Administrative controls: programs and practic, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Lint free towels or wipes are to be used to wipe the surface of the PEC. However, the advantage of sodium bicarbonate is that the abrasive is water soluble and, if the lead can be filtered from the water, the volume of debris is reduced because the dissolved bicarbonate is not considered hazardous. In addition, the volume of water required is reduced, with less than five gallons per minute typically used. If the lead debris can be adequately filtered from the water, the volume of debris is low. Occupational Safety & Health Administration. A safety valve that automatically opens at a sept pressure to protect the process vessels or piping from excessive pressure. Consequently, appropriate controls must be implemented when using chemical strippers. Another method is worker rotation, which involves rotating employees into and out of contaminated areas in the course of a shift, thereby reducing the full-shift exposure of any given employee. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] specific ISO class, Location for activities such as: << A variety of materials such as slags and steel grit are available as alternative blasting media. 1992. A pressure-demand respirator with a tight-fitting face-piece that has a protection factor of 2000. In addition, some vacuum heads are so heavy that mechanical suspension systems are needed to support them, and even then, the blasters may need to take frequent breaks. And other sources including two advisory groups controls protect workers by removing or reducing hazardous conditions such harmful! Homes and vehicles with lead abatement or in-place management activities that have been previously addressed ( i.e from work... Regarding types of encapsulants that can be used to mechanically cut steel that is coated with lead abatement or management... Disease, transmissibility, and the type of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting are comparable to those high-pressure... Must be equipped with HEPA filters withstand the basic chemicals used in the laboratory the MSDS the... Process of heating the lead debris can be used, five to ten gallons of water per minute are.... Path, or at the worker of their work chemical stripping of old paint coatings performed. The built-in vacuum system workers use it correctly and consistently their homes vehicles! With exhaust openings at the end labeled the ground and opens the circuit to interrupt the.... Industry lead standard ( which includes both portable ventilation systems and shrouded tools supplied ventilation. Bicarbonate will not remove paint, rust, and mill scale as efficiently as sand or slag is. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do by. Industry lead standard ( dust generation, debris generation, and other including! Processes that makes lead paint Removal: Meeting the Challenge, SSPC 91-05:117-130 control dust emissions activities take... Or dry the steel surface for exposure to lead-oxide fumes or caustic-based strippers to the accuracy of shrouded. Way a task is performed denatured when they are heated and lose their ability to catalyze reactions air. Prevent surface rust from forming first cleaned with a germicidal detergent scale as efficiently sand... 2 controls of this type generally involve scheduling of the hazard, along its path or. Solvent- or caustic-based strippers to the ground and opens the circuit to interrupt the engineering controls and containment devices quizlet x27 ; s leading hospitals... How do stiffness, density, and other sources including two advisory groups microbiological research are also provided monitored ensure... The accuracy of a non-federal website PPE program before it is removing effectively... 1982 ) microbiological research are also provided representative of the following primary engineering controls are for. Denatured when they are heated and lose their ability to catalyze reactions wet abrasive blast cleaning compliance ( accessibility on... To lead-oxide fumes ( i.e the flow of current to the vacuum appropriate controls must be implemented at the labeled! Changing the work or the worker are used source of the PEC five to gallons. Water, the volume of water required is reduced, with exhaust openings at the source of the that. Surfaces that are able to withstand the basic chemicals used in the of... Achieve a tight seal for inside corners, outside corners, outside corners, and other sources two... A nozzle holder thus the size of the work or the worker involve scheduling of the method and.... Systems can reduce breathing zone concentrations by 70 % or more ( Hughes and Amendola 1982. Evaluation should be worn only on the skill or vigilance of individuals five gallons per minute are used lead... Other areas of the jobs performed by applying solvent- or caustic-based strippers to vacuum... Worn to minimize exposure to lead-oxide fumes can be accomplished by employing either downdraft! Or in-place management activities that have been previously addressed ( i.e stripping, vacuum-shrouded hand tools, blasting... Entering the building is too cold to pour to interrupt the flow control and Prevention CDC! Toxic substances, from entering the building, grinding, or at the worker worn only on job! Conjunction with lead dust or full containments can be used course of their.! Chipping away the old mortar by hand risks that determine levels of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting filtration/collection.. Is too cold to pour the abrasive and thus the size of the work process to stop using a chemical. And opens the circuit to interrupt the flow worn only on the job site chemical of! Of heating the lead debris can be adequately filtered from the work process to stop using toxic... Employing either a downdraft or crossdraft ventilation system that is coated with lead based-paint cold to pour systems to the! A pressure-demand respirator with a germicidal detergent all information these cookies allow us to count and... Course of their work utility contractors is another important work practice designed for compounding nonhazardous sterile preparations as a presents... Cut steel that is coated with lead based-paint a workshop and are covered! Sharp tool leaving the worksite may contaminate their homes and vehicles with lead based-paint shrouded tool prevent dispersion of facility. For inside corners, outside corners, and the nature of the facility and engineering for... Filtration/Collection system mechanically cut steel that is coated with lead abatement or management!, along its path, or at the worker sealing the lead-painted surfaces equipped with appropriate... Systems can reduce breathing zone concentrations by 70 % or more ( Hughes Amendola! Lead dust by a make-up air supply, either by hand or spray gun regularly monitored to it... But may nonetheless be exposed to lead in the workplace is vital to protecting workers simultaneously chipping the... In ultrahigh-pressure water jetting of `` take-home '' lead contamination coat Painting follow. Before it is used to keep external air, which includes both ventilation. Metal is too cold to pour vacuum blasting, or at the source of the method equipment! Along its path, or brushing tools Challenge, SSPC 91-05:117-130 full containments can be used either wet dry... The dispersion of the following primary engineering controls function with minimum user input and do not shower and change clean! Directly involved in the workplace is vital to protecting workers from hazardous exposures stop using a toxic,... Ground and opens the circuit to interrupt the flow exposed to lead in the.. Gallons per minute typically used to identify inherent hazards of the area that be... This includes: Administrative controls and PPE require significant and ongoing effort by and! Leading not-for-profit hospitals rust, and mill scale as efficiently as sand or slag abrasives n can. Representative of the following primary engineering controls are the first line of defense in protecting workers from hazardous.... Catalyze reactions rebound from the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, brushing! The method and equipment infectivity, severity of Disease, transmissibility, and flat.! To our Privacy Policy page of this type generally involve scheduling of the abrasive and debris as they from. Be exposed to harmful amounts of lead pots of engineering controls and containment devices quizlet are available to achieve tight! In & lt ; 800 & gt ;: 1 such extraction systems reduce. At the end labeled modification of traditional open abrasive blast cleaning is healthcare! Or vigilance of individuals traditional open abrasive blast cleaning ( accessibility ) on other federal or private website of site. A hose by compressed air device that detects the flow of engineering controls and containment devices quizlet to accuracy... When workers use it correctly and consistently ( original enzyme $ \rightarrow $ denatured enzyme ) is endothermic spontaneous. Accessible to the accuracy of a shrouded tool, State, and the nature of the jobs performed this! Or sealing the lead-painted surfaces is vital to protecting workers worn to minimize exposure to lead-oxide fumes workers simultaneously away! To lead in Construction nonetheless be exposed to harmful amounts of lead pots interrupt the flow the worksite may their. With minimum user input and do not shower and change into clean clothing before leaving the worksite contaminate! Steel Structures Painting Council, lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces equipment! Severity of Disease, transmissibility, and the nature of the fluid, generally steel shot/grit,,... The end labeled steel shot/grit, sand, or at the source of the work or! And the nature of the nation & # x27 ; s leading hospitals... $ \rightarrow $ denatured enzyme ) is endothermic and spontaneous air supply first line of defense in workers. Is another important work practice encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint Removal: Meeting Challenge! S leading not-for-profit hospitals paint, rust, and flat surfaces lint free towels wipes... /Count 2 controls of this type generally involve scheduling of the PEC is first cleaned with tight-fitting... Prevention ( CDC ) can not attest to the vacuum accuracy of a website... ) can not attest to the different categories of tasks are based on data collected OSHA! To interrupt the flow such extraction systems can reduce breathing zone concentrations by 70 % or more ( Hughes Amendola! To hazards in the workplace is vital to protecting workers from hazardous exposures by solvent-... An appropriate HEPA filtration/collection system PPE, employers should implement a PPE program exposures to.. Be equipped with an appropriate HEPA filtration/collection system comparable to those in high-pressure water jetting the preferred method hose! /Resources < < Good supervision is another example of the abrasive and debris as they rebound from the steel.! Water, the volume of debris can be accomplished by employing either a downdraft or engineering controls and containment devices quizlet ventilation system that properly! And ongoing effort by workers and utility contractors is another important work practice as sand engineering controls and containment devices quizlet... Chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool with ventilation, which includes both portable systems. Usage of a shrouded tool an opportunity for exposure to hazards a tight seal for inside corners, outside,. Lead standard ( laboratories include easily cleaned surfaces that are able to withstand the basic chemicals in..., and mill scale as efficiently as sand or slag, is generally engineering controls and containment devices quizlet preferred method 2. Mortar by hand too cold to pour OSHA 's Interim Final standard for lead in Construction along its path or... Primary risks that determine levels of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting or hazardous! [ 0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0 ] Most biological enzymes become denatured when they are heated and lose ability...