An ordered logit compliment with multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the drivers of farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. Significant penalties can result from misuse, including improper storage resulting in spillage. Lastly, farmers should be educated on the importance of adhering to safety standards of agrochemical use as it increases maize output. Without the usage of pesticides and chemical fertilisers, hazardous organisms would continue to thrive and adapt at an accelerated rate, posing a major threat to agricultural produce. 6264, 2003. [21] in their research on pesticide application among farmers in the catchment of Ashaiman Irrigation Scheme of Ghana: health implications revealed that out of 74 farmers observed spraying pesticides on their farms, 36.5% used nose guards, 45.9% used boots, 31% used hand gloves, and 25.7% wore dresses that covered the whole body except the eyes. The awareness level was significantly explained by education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals use, and farm size. The projects aimed at providing alternatives to commercial agrochemicals which are harmful to human, animal and environmental health. [6] Throughout the 1970s through 1980s, pesticide research continued into producing more selective agrochemicals. b) Overuse of this may kill bacteria and other organisms that are beneficial to the soil. A. V. F. Ngowi, A study of farmers' knowledge, attitude and experience in the use of pesticides in coffee farming, African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, vol. 117 0 obj<>stream Pesticide application practices, pest knowledge, and cost-benefits of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, Costa Rica, A SUSTAINABLE FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, A GREEN FOOD & AGRICULTURE AGENDA FOR ONTARIO, Perspectives for nano-biotechnology enabled protection and nutrition of plants, Plantation agriculture in the tropics Environmental issues, Sustainability Analysis of Ecological and Conventional Agricultural Systems in Bangladesh, NIGERIA'S SMALL SCALE FARMERS' AGROCHEMICAL USE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPLICATIONS INTRODUCTION, Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa, Regional carbon footprint analysis of dairy feeds for milk production in the USA, Farmers perception towardes organic and chemichal fertilizer, A Study on Pesticide Effects to the Rice Farmers and to the Environment in Kolambugan and Maigo, Lanao del Norte, Perceptions of Farmers' and Farmworkers' Wives on the Use and Hazards of Agrochemicals in Rural Vellore, Science for agriculture and rural development in the South, Assessing the factors of adoption of agrochemicals by plantain farmers in Ghana, Assessment of farming practices and uses of agrochemicals in Lake Manyara basin, Tanzania, Agrochemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease of Multi-Factorial Origin (CKDmfo): An Environmentally Induced, Occupational Exposure Disease, Use of Agrochemicals in West Bengal: Perspectives from the Field, Conventional Food Plot Management in an Organic Coffee Cooperative: Explaining the Paradox, Assessing Benefits and Costs of Commercial Banana Production in the Philippines, Impact of Chemical Fertilizer on Agriculture of Hijli Mouza of North 24 Parganas in West Bengal, Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. Penalties range from advisory or warning letters to monetary penalties of $750 to $10,000, depending on the type and severity of the violation. 4,5 Many factors account for this phenomenon, including small farm sizes, which compel farmers to come into direct contact with agrochemicals, and the normalization of agrochemicals by smallholder farmers due to limited knowledge of safety . agrochemical, Any chemical used in agriculture, including chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides. For the development of new agrochemicals, our products, and new technology contribute to increased labor efficiency and safety. Questionnaires were administered to farmers cultivating vegetables, food, and cash crops under Open-field and Greenhouse managements in respective Production Specification; Organic and Inorganic productions. Career, Herbicides Herbicide use is very common in agrochemical-based agriculture, especially due to the promotion of herbicide-tolerant genetically modified crops. Systemic After entering the roots, the insecticide spreads to exterior parts like as leaves, fruits, twigs, and branches. S. Omari, Assessing Farmers' knowledge of effects of agrochemical use on human health and the environment: a case study of Akuapem South Municipality, Ghana, International Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, vol. Due to improper use, these chemicals reach the environment as pollutants . C. K. Bempah and A. K. Donkor, Pesticide residues in fruits at the market level in Accra Metropolis, Ghana, a preliminary study, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. Many farmers do not have adequate knowledge and information on the health hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides [6]. 0000007878 00000 n The face-to-face interviews were used due to its appropriateness in clarifying questions in the questionnaires. In 1966, Illinois became one of the first states to regulate pesticides. In the literature of econometric modeling, many researchers have used binary choice models to analyze the determinants of technology adoption, perception, and awareness of certain issues. Plants may become spotted, curled or even die when exposed to a pesticide, often because wind has carried it from its intended area. To estimate the effect of awareness level on farm output, multiple linear regression model was used where awareness level is an additional explanatory variable measuring the effect on output. The environment may be affected, chemicals may pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. 188230, InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2014. I would recommend that the authors should conduct a thorough English language . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. [7] It is still in the worldwide leading position based on sales of year 2019. This means that there are certain socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence the farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. Also, the theoretical model for the log-odd is shown in (5).It is important to note that the terms of the indices are and hence, . 0000003304 00000 n A. Golow, Studies on organochlorine pesticide residue in fishes from the Densu River Basin, Ghana, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. A maize farmer would want to be more aware of health implications of agrochemical use if the utility he derives from being more aware is greater than the utility of being less aware. The types of agrochemicals used are grouped into pesticides (fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, rodenticide, etc.) Become a Distributor Farmers applied an average of 9.7 kg a.i./ha/yr of pesticide products and 375 kg/ha/yr of fertilizer, but those who sold their fruit to the national markets applied more nematicides, herbicides, and fertilizers than those who sold primarily to export markets, suggesting a lack of appropriate application knowledge. HlTKs0WQ*`tLCsizPd+)p/kw{09Rh U]qC 7r2 This result is consistent with Awunyo-Vitor et al. Background. This could be as a result of high illiteracy rate among farmers who need to be educated on the use of synthetic inputs and good agronomic practices to improve yield. Significant penalties can result from misuse, including improper storage resulting in spillage. 68, no. 286292, 2012. 35.40%, 32.74%, and 19.47% of respondents disposed of Agrochemical containers using Pit burial, Burn/Incinerate, and Indiscriminate methods, respectively, while 12.39% used ecological (biodegradable) materials. The probit and logit models are improvement of the LPM but there are no significant differences between the results obtained from the two especially when the sample size is small [18]. Plant Growth Regulators are a type of chemical. In terms of the dependent variable, agrochemical use, the response group is very similar to Italian olive farmers in general; their use of agrochemicals and changes over the last 15 years are very comparable (see Section 4). 17, 2016. 262273, 1986. The sector contributed 22.0% against 28.6% from the industrial sector and 49.5% from the services sector to the GDP of the country [1]. Since most farmers in the country are illiterates, lacking the requisite training, protection equipment, and safety information, there have been tendencies of overapplication than the recommended rate or frequency per season. a) Agrochemicals may alter the pH of the soil. The Good. The value for the Chi-squared test of 0.00 indicates that the coefficients of the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero. Experience in agrochemicals use and farm size have a negative significant effect on farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use. and fertilizers. It protects crops from pests, diseases, and pathogens while also increasing yield quality and quantity. Weed controls are essential for maintaining good crop output. However, needful actions such as Government policy on educational campaign/programs must be intensified. It was revealed from the ordered logit regression that five out of ten explanatory variables, years of education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals application, and farm size, were significant variables that influence farmers levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use in the study area. The current industrial agriculture system promotes the reliance on agrochemicals, both synthetic fertilizers and In most of the cases, agrochemicals refer to pesticides.[3]. The user is legally responsible for any damage due to misuse of pesticides. M. Parhi, Diffusion of New Technology in Indian Auto Component Industry: An Examination of the Determinants of Adoption, Discussion Paper Series No. The study will also provide information to policy-makers and agricultural extension officers to come out with effective training programs for farmers. 4, No. In this study, the maize output refers to the quantity and quality of maize output. Although other chemicals fatal to snails exist, their practical use is small. Alters the chemical properties of water. Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality was curved out of the former Sekyere and Offinso District in 1988 with the legislative instrument PNDC LI 1400, 1988 [20]. The unsafe handling and use of agrochemicals can lead to accumulation of hazardous chemicals in the body, causing adverse effects on health. For example, 70% of herbicide used during the 1980s in Japan was applied to rice (Ishibashi et al. The margins are interpreted in relation to their signs and categories. Extension visit exposes farmers to improve production technologies and proper utilization of farm inputs. The main source of information on agrochemicals use was media and manuals. 1. E. D. Okoffo, M. Mensah, and B. Y. Fosu-Mensah, Pesticides exposure and the use of personal protective equipment by cocoa farmers in Ghana, Environmental Systems Research, vol. 4,5 Many factors account for this phenomenon, including small farm sizes, which compel farmers to come into direct contact with agrochemicals, and the normalization of agrochemicals by smallholder farmers due to limited knowledge of safety . Introduction . Our objective was to integrate a rapid rural appraisal of indigenous farmer pesticide application practices and pest knowledge with a cost-benefit analysis of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, for the development of better agricultural management practices and improved regulatory infrastructure. 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