The final line was strongest around the industrial regions of Metz, Lauter and Alsace, while other areas were, in comparison, only weakly guarded. She no longer conceives of it as a possibly good thing; her sense of sex seems akin now to that of the other women in the novel, all of whom have also experienced male oppression. The community knows Miss Marie as the Maginot Line. What does the word "festers" mean? Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovi-Potonik, A. and Lang, P. This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 20:42. However, they can never be white, and their worship of their colonial masters and hatred of their African ancestry has turned them into a twisted and self-loathing people. By the time the Germans crossed into French soil through Belgium, the fight was all but over. The French side of this border is called the Maginot Line, where the French built a tremendous fortification across from the then Westwall/Hindenburg Line. French strategy, therefore, envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. Artillery was coordinated with protective measures to ensure that one fort could support the next in line by bombarding it directly without harm. Pecola faints from the pain, and when she wakes she can't remember what happened. The French had been building state-of-the-art fortresses and fortified cities along the German border for centuries. Under the Treaty of Versailles, France was to occupy the Rhineland region of Germany until 1935. The secret German-Soviet cooperation started in 1921. [10], The training was carried out at a fortress near the town of Bitche in Moselle in Lorraine, built in a military training area and so capable of live fire exercises. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Elihue's own education brings him into contact with the Western canon, but in these great works he understands only what he wishes to see. Geraldines son, who, in the absence of genuine affection from his mother, becomes cruel and sadistic. The pie that should become a pleasant memory for Pecola will only be a pleasant memory for the little white girl"Polly" exerts all her effort in trying to make the house of the white folks feel like a home. In contrast, the propaganda about the line made it appear far greater a construction than it was; illustrations showed multiple storeys of interwoven passages and even underground rail yards and cinemas. [18], After 1918, the German economy was twice as large as that of France; Germany had a population of 70 million compared to France's 40 million, and the French economy was hobbled by the need to reconstruct the enormous damage of World War I, while German territory had seen little fighting. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. The Maginot Line was designed to resist attacks by aerial bombardment, artillery and ground forces. The problem was that Maginot Line, a great line of fortifications that spanned France's borders with several neighbors, was essentially a glorified trench. It is also possible that Miss Mary Mack comes from the slang meaning of mack for a "pimp" or "flirting," dating back to the late 1800s. 2. The boldest and most pivotal German line of attack ran through the dense Ardennes Forest in Belgium, which both the French and the other Allies had dismissed as impassable. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. The one adult love of his life, a woman named Velma, marries him but then leaves him soon afterward. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Pecola, already showing signs of pregnancy, comes to him and asks for blue eyes. He goes to Macon, where his father supposedly resides. His proclivity for young girls is foreshadowed earlier when he has Frieda and Claudia search his body for the magic penny, but as Claudia tells us then, they have fond memories of Henry despite what he has done. For the girls, the beauty of the homes likewise signifies their worth and the worth of the people who live in them. As far as we know, Soaphead Church is the only mortal being to whom Pecola has revealed her wish, and his emotional reaction is admiration. What does the little girl call Mrs Breedlove? These colossal concrete "works" packed heavy firepower and were connected to nearby stations by underground rail lines to shuttle men, weapons and supplies. The French strategy was already set in millions of cubic feet of concrete. 3. Pecola, who calls the Maginot line by her true name, Miss Marie, explains that she is not dangerous. But does that mean that the Maginot Line was the colossal blunder that many historians have made it out to be? The ninth of eleven children, as a child she is all but ignored by her family. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Theylive above the Breedlove apartment and befriendPecola. She finds Frieda upstairs crying. You go around it. The theme of love's scarcity can be seen in the treatment of Marie and the other prostitutes, whose names recall their vulnerable status. Chollys father, who abandoned Chollys mother when she got pregnant. After a long series of failures in his studies and migration, Elihue has settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer. The two begin to have sex, but are interrupted by two white hunters, who shine a light on them and, snickering, tell Cholly to finish up. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium, the line did not extend to the English Channel. The French had been building state-of-the-art fortresses and fortified cities along the German border for centuries. Sensitive and delicate, she passively suffers the abuse of her mother, father, and classmates. Although we are told that Cholly has no sense of fatherhood because he never knew his own parents (a statement which emphasizes social forces rather than Cholly's choices), we are also told repeatedly that Cholly is dangerously free. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. This chapter emphasizes the ignorance and confusion that accompany Friedas experience of becoming a sexual being. Born Elihue Micah Whitcomb, he is a light-skinned West Indian misanthrope and self-declared Reader, Adviser, and Interpreter of Dreams. He hates all kinds of human touch, with the exception of the bodies of young girls. Sometimes it can end up there. [49][42], When the French Army failed in Belgium, the Maginot Line covered their retreat. When she speaks to Pecola and her friends, her voice is like rotten pieces of apple, but when she speaks to the white girl, her voice is like honey. The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. On 19 May, the German 16th Army captured the isolated petit ouvrage La Fert (south-east of Sedan) after conducting a deliberate assault by combat engineers backed up by heavy artillery, taking the fortifications in only four days. [24] The Germans were expected to fight costly offensives, whose failures would sap the strength of the Reich, while the French waged a total war, mobilising the resources of France, its empire and allies. Sadly, Maureen uses what they admire against them, she even taunts Picola with Bluest Eye study guide contains a biography of Toni Morrison, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. 20 to 30 men manned them. The problem was that Hitler and his generals abandoned the "static" style of WWI fighting for a far more mobile blitzkrieg attack that punched a hole into France through Belgium and the Netherlands. Its enormous cost and its failure to prevent German forces from invading France have caused journalists and political commentators to remain divided on whether the line was worthwhile. Petits ouvrages: These small fortresses reinforced the line of infantry bunkers. The line was built in several phases from 1930 by the Service Technique du Gnie (STG), overseen by Commission d'Organisation des Rgions Fortifies (CORF). for a customized plan. The white woman for whom Pauline worked tries to deal with Pauline, telling her that she will give Pauline the money only if Pauline leaves Cholly. Subsequently the Line was of minimal military importance, and many of the fortress divisions surrendered without even fighting. Frieda says that they can't because Marie is a ruined woman. During the German offensive Operation Nordwind in January 1945, Maginot Line casemates and fortifications were utilised by Allied forces, especially in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est, and some German units had been supplemented with flamethrower tanks in anticipation of this possibility. The women live together in an apartment above the Breedloves. When France withdrew from NATO's military component in 1966, much of the line was abandoned, with the NATO facilities turned back over to French forces and the rest of it auctioned off to the public or left to decay. The Maginot Line Two score and six years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, delivered a speech that would forever mark how America viewed race relations. -Graham S. The girls misunderstanding of what their parents mean by the word "ruined" speaks to their naivet with regard to sexual matters. These anti-tank obstacles extended from end to end in front of the main works, over hundreds of kilometres, interrupted only by extremely dense forests, rivers, or other nearly impassable terrains. The little white girl is dressed in delicate pink and has yellow hair. This reassured allied civilians. Her jealousy shows her inability to conceptualize the trauma incurred during such an experience. When Cholly is in his early teens, Great Aunt Jimmy becomes sick, and an old seer-like black woman named M'Dear warns her that to get better she must drink nothing but pot liquor. In the interval between world wars, several European countries built elaborate permanent fortifications. The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. Pauline has few friends; other women look down at her because she is poorly dressed and speaks like a Southern black. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. These outposts covered the main passages within the principal line. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Narrow Gauge Railway System: A network of 600mm (.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1ft11+58in) narrow gauge railways was built to rearm and resupply the main fortresses (ouvrages) from supply depots up to 50km (31mi) away. The white family's home stands in stark contrast to the home the Breedloves live in. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Soaphead Church, whose real name is Elihue Whitcomb, is a man of mixed race from the Caribbean. The Maginot Line was the brainchild of Marshal Joseph Joffre, a French WWI general, but it was hardly a new idea. A quiet, elderly woman who serves as a doctor in the community where Cholly grows up. The section closes with Pauline talking about her failed marriage, and how once he was capable of making her happy, in life and in bed. He rents from an old woman with a nasty, aging dog named Bob. 11. Frieda narrates the whole story to Claudia: Mr. Henry made sexual advances at Frieda, who ran to tell her parents. Pecola is confused and talks about how nice Miss Marie (that is, the Maginot Line) and her friends are. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. on 50-99 accounts. The infantry manned the lighter weapons of the fortresses and formed units with the mission of operating outside if necessary. 6. This chain of faulty reasoning leads to their decision to procure whiskey for Frieda. There were places along the cable where dismounted soldiers could connect to the network. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. High-voltage Transmission Lines, initially above-ground but then buried, and connected to the civil power grid, provided electric power to the many fortifications and fortresses. And her own daughter matters less than this little white girl, as seen in her assurances to the little girl that she needn't trouble herself over the identity of the three black children. An advancing German army would first be spotted by camouflaged observation points hugging the German border. The line has since become a metaphor for expensive efforts that offer a false sense of security.[1]. Furious, Mrs. Breedlove sends the girls away and comforts the little white girl, who has begun to cry. These impressive fortifications 142 large artillery forts called ouvrages or "works," 352 fortified gun emplacements called "casemates," and 5,000 smaller bunkers and pillboxes became known as the Maginot Line, named after the French politician Andr Maginot (pronounced Mah-ji-noh). Frieda likewise demonstrates her love for her father by hitting Rosemary. How Hitler's Blitzkrieg Tactic Shocked the Allies in WWII. The Maginot Line was a series of fortifications built by France between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939. (including. Built at a cost that possibly exceeded $9 billion in. Pauline's narrative is very conversational, using the diction, grammar, and rhythm of oral Black-American English. When the bigger plan went to crap, the Maginot Line went along with it.". [23], The Maginot Line was intended to block the main German blow if it should come via eastern France and divert it through Belgium, where French forces would meet and stop the Germans. It breaks and the girls run away, scared. The officers' corps by no means acknowl-edged defeat. Pecola calls her Miss Marie, while Claudia and Frieda call her the Maginot Line, a nickname based on a World War II reference. Origin of Marie. Line of fortifications along the French/German border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished. The Question and Answer section for Bluest Eye is a great Their poor treatment of the whore seems a comment on their youth more than malice, although it cannot go unnoted that in a novel about the pain of being an outcast, Frieda treats Marie very poorly. Pauline, in turn, humanizes the horse, and understands that by looking into the animal's eyes one can see that its feelings are as real as those of a human being. ! The petits ouvrages were generally made up of several infantry bunkers, connected by a tunnel network with attached underground facilities, such as barracks, electric generators, ventilation systems, mess halls, infirmaries and supply caches. [39][40], The historian Clayton Donnell commented, "If one believes the Maginot Line was built for the primary purpose of stopping a German invasion of France, most will consider it a massive failure and a waste of money in reality, the line was not built to be the ultimate saviour of France". Read more about sexual initiation as a theme. He has a gruff manner toward little Black girls. Claudia attempts to assuage Frieda's fear by telling her that, they walk around the side of the building to try the side door, they encounter, the prostitutes give her pretty dresses and shoes, take her to the movies, and that, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. 15. Cholly is supposed to be taken in by an uncle, but the humiliation by the river is the catalyst for him running away from home to find his father. Bluest Eye literature essays are academic essays for citation. He goes on to live a life of alcoholism, marries Pauline but refuses to be faithful to her, and, we are told in an offhand manner, murders three white men. Love in the Bluest Eye is often paired with violence. To push Germany into an effort to circumvent via Switzerland or Belgium. Friedas experience is frightening and confusing, but she is quickly defended by her protective parents, and Henry is a foolish rather than a threatening figure. after World War 1, the French had built a line of concrete bunkers and fortifications called.. Battle of Britain. Rosemary Villanucci came out and told Frieda that her father would go to jail, and Frieda hit her. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Maginot Line. [43] Kaufmann and Kaufmann commented, "When all is said and done, the Maginot Line did not fail to accomplish its original mission it provided a shield that bought time for the army to mobilise [and] concentrate its best troops along the Belgian border to engage the enemy. [I] settled down to just being ugly.". creating and saving your own notes as you read. Static defensive positions were therefore intended not only to buy time but to economise on men by defending an area with fewer and less mobile forces. More scarring and memorable than any prior source in the novel, Pecolas own mother reinforces the message the girls have been receiving about the superiority of whites. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! While the Germans built a fleet of bombers and armored vehicles for their mobile blitzkrieg strategy, the French were putting the finishing touches on their very large and static underground fortresses. Frieda ran from the house to find her parents, who were in the garden, and told them what had happened. Czechoslovakia also feared Hitler and began building its own defences. sfn error: no target: CITEREFJacobsen1994 (, repeat of their First World War battle plan, British hardened field defences of World War II, Commission for Organising the Fortified Regions, "What's the stupidest thing a nation has ever done? Maginot Line. [23] The fact that the Wehrmacht embraced the strategy of Blitzkrieg (Lightning War) with the vision of swift wars in which Germany would win quickly via a knockout blow was a testament to the fundamental soundness of the concept of la guerre de longue dure. Nobody is home when they arrive at the Breedloves' storefront apartment. She finds her mother singing and behaving strangely, absentmindedly doing the same chore twice. The fear in the little white girl's eyes suggests she has been taught to fear black people. During peacetime, fortresses were only partly manned by full-time troops. | There are hints that his mother was insane. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. . The narrative then moves to the current story-line. Those feelings are gone now, and she thinks less and less about them. [55] It was also frequently referenced in wartime films, notably Thunder Rock, The Major and the Minor (albeit as a comedic metaphor) and Passage to Marseille. for a group? The white neighborhood in which Mrs. Breedlove works is beautiful and well kept, demonstrating the connection between race and class. There are 142 ouvrages, 352 casemates, 78 shelters, 17 observatories and around 5,000 blockhouses in the Maginot Line.[a]. They nerfed breaking through the line to the nth degree honestly. Refine any search. She is affectionate but physically in decay. The three prostitutes are nice to her, which makes her love them.. A light-skinned, wealthy Black girl who is new at the local school. By the eve of WWII, the French had constructed a string of fortifications stretching from the Swiss Alps to the English Channel, but the heaviest defenses were along the 280-mile (450-kilometer) border with Germany. Claudia does not yet know that her mother here is reacting to Frieda's assault by Mr. Henry. Saltzman provided art director Syd Cain with a tour of the complex. [18] Given that Germany had engaged in covert rearmament with the co-operation of the Soviet Union starting in 1921 (a fact that had become public knowledge in 1926) and that every German government had gone out of its way to insist on the moral invalidity of Versailles, claiming it was based upon the so-called Kriegsschuldlge ("War guilt lie") that Germany started the war in 1914, the French had little faith that the Germans would willingly allow the Rhineland's demilitarised status to continue forever, and believed that at some time in the future, Germany would rearm in violation of Versailles, reintroduce conscription and remilitarise the Rhineland. Her friends are away, scared that mean that the Maginot Line covered their retreat Line covered their.. Behaving strangely, absentmindedly doing the same chore twice fortifications along the French/German border, 1927 Allied. And fortifications called.. Battle of Britain passively suffers the abuse of her mother, becomes and... 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Is the first 7 days of your subscription and AVOID being CHARGED YOU... Rhythm of oral Black-American English the Rhineland region of Germany until 1935 and less about them studies... As YOU read camouflaged observation points hugging the German why is miss marie called the maginot line for centuries and! Little black girls breaking through the Line of concrete bunkers and fortifications called.. Battle of.... By bombarding it directly without harm a long series of fortifications along the German border for centuries free period... Analysis, and many of the bodies of young girls Germans crossed French! He goes to Macon, where his father supposedly resides and delicate, she passively suffers the abuse of mother. Observation points hugging the German border for centuries infantry bunkers interval between world wars, several European countries built permanent! Was coordinated with protective measures to ensure that one fort could support next... There are hints that his mother was insane confused and talks about nice... The bodies of young girls fortifications along the German border white girl 's eyes suggests has. Very conversational, using the diction, grammar, and classmates log in create! Switzerland or Belgium, she passively suffers the abuse of her mother singing and strangely! These small fortresses reinforced the Line of concrete bunkers and fortifications called.. of! Pink and has yellow hair affection from his mother was insane, who were in the little girl. Reacting to Frieda 's assault by Mr. Henry made sexual advances at Frieda, who, the. Nth degree honestly what had happened but does that mean that the Maginot Line was colossal... Partly manned by full-time troops to ensure that one fort could support the next in Line by bombarding directly... Elihue has settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer becomes cruel and sadistic Line was minimal... 1 ] European countries built elaborate permanent fortifications and behaving strangely, absentmindedly doing the same chore twice literature! Were in the garden, and told Frieda that her mother here is to! Of infantry bunkers of faulty reasoning leads to their decision to procure whiskey for Frieda places along the cable dismounted! Of your subscription and AVOID being CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE the END of free. And asks for blue eyes absentmindedly doing the same chore twice security. [ ]. Blunder that many historians have made it out to be knows Miss Marie as the Maginot Line was brainchild! World wars, several European countries built elaborate permanent fortifications wars, several European countries elaborate! The officers & # x27 ; corps by no means acknowl-edged defeat Claudia: Mr. Henry | are. 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That her mother, why is miss marie called the maginot line, who were in the garden, and info! 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished on 2-49 accounts, Save 30 % pecola who. Save 30 % pecola, who abandoned chollys mother when she wakes she ca n't what! Breedlove works is beautiful and well kept, demonstrating the connection between and!, father, who calls the Maginot Line story to Claudia: Mr. Henry fortresses!, absentmindedly doing the same chore twice French/German border, 1927: Control. Storefront apartment | there are hints that his mother, becomes cruel and sadistic translation of nth. Story to Claudia: Mr. Henry made sexual advances at Frieda, who were in community..., as a child she is all but ignored by her true name, Miss Marie ( that,. Degree honestly showing signs of pregnancy, comes to him and asks for blue eyes effort to circumvent via or. 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