F = The force generated by the axial load. This allowable value will either be provided in the problem)Tj
-5.18 -1.16 TD
(statement, specified in a technical standard or code, or it may have to be deduced from)Tj
T*
(the information provided. )Tj
-1.7891 -1.3906 TD
0.138 Tc
[(*\()-385.8(.)-1987(*)-523.5(. A = The area of the cross-section. P- effect). The steel yield strength was changed to 440 MPa from 288 MPa in this analysis, while concrete compressive strength was kept steady at 36.7 MPa in the filled centre of CFST columns D/T was ranged from 20 to 37.5 and L/D was varied from 4.0 . !GDIM!.=j%!-/$i!-n`M"O[\!#P^I As an example, consider one of the large wheels used to drive an aerial lift such as a ski lift.The wire cable wrapped around the wheel exerts a downward force on the wheel and the drive shaft supporting the wheel. The increasing rates of such long-term deformations rapidly decreased with increasing time. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. BT
/F4 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 214.081 695.537 Tm
0 g
BX /GS1 gs EX
0 Tc
0.0003 Tw
(First, we will do summation of forces:)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
12.009 0 0 12 242.771 680.417 Tm
4.2796 Tc
[(FV)1221.3(V)]TJ
7.005 0 0 7 248.713 677.417 Tm
0 Tc
0 Tw
(y)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
18.014 0 0 18 228.072 677.698 Tm
(\345)Tj
12.009 0 0 12 286.304 680.417 Tm
1.6567 Tc
[(-=)679.7(\336)500.5(=)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
-2.5911 0 TD
0 Tc
[(:)-99.6(1000)-968.6(2)-1755.2(0)-3161.5(500)]TJ
ET
0 G
0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d
1 i
110.688 646.609 m
120.095 646.609 l
158.595 646.609 m
174.595 646.609 l
235.282 646.609 m
251.282 646.609 l
289.938 646.609 m
327.97 646.609 l
366.626 646.609 m
432.407 646.609 l
S
BT
/F9 1 Tf
12 0 2.64 11.985 91.095 643.519 Tm
(t)Tj
5.8007 -0.763 TD
5.9516 Tc
(ttt)Tj
12 0 0 11.985 100.751 643.519 Tm
1.8599 Tc
[(=)549.5(\336)714.1(=\336)-1134.9(=\336)701.1(=)-1835.9(\336)701.1(=)-4182.2(=)-1372.4(\273)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
0.8698 0.6276 TD
0 Tc
(V)Tj
0.0912 -1.3906 TD
(A)Tj
2.1875 0.763 TD
(A)Tj
1.9896 0.6276 TD
(V)Tj
2.474 -0.6276 TD
1.0055 Tc
(WC)Tj
3.9167 0.6276 TD
0 Tc
(V)Tj
2.4766 -0.6276 TD
(C)Tj
2.9948 0.6276 TD
(V)Tj
-1.1849 -1.3906 TD
(W)Tj
4.5807 0.763 TD
13.6559 Tc
[(Ci)13655.9(n)]TJ
7 0 0 6.991 165.251 631.347 Tm
0 Tc
[(all)-9899.3(all)-9899.3(all)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
5.0089 1.3125 TD
(1)Tj
14.0625 -1.308 TD
(1)Tj
12 0 0 11.985 390.47 651.041 Tm
(500)Tj
-2.013 -1.3906 TD
[(1)-250(815)-700.5(11610)]TJ
6.5937 0.763 TD
[(0)-250(0237)-1020.7(0)-250(025)]TJ
-19.9271 0 TD
(*)Tj
8.2031 -0.763 TD
5.1302 Tc
[(*. !+u:S!,MXD !$\@s2r:HRbRA the information provided. )Tj
ET
0.499 w
263.431 469.633 m
276.121 469.633 l
324.723 469.633 m
337.413 469.633 l
395.517 469.633 m
408.206 469.633 l
S
BT
/F7 1 Tf
12.002 0 0 11.97 194.638 466.547 Tm
0 Tw
(K)Tj
6.3151 0.6276 TD
(r)Tj
-0.5078 -1.3906 TD
(W)Tj
5.6146 1.3906 TD
(r)Tj
-0.5078 -1.3906 TD
(W)Tj
6.4063 1.3906 TD
(r)Tj
-0.5078 -1.3906 TD
(W)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
-15.8307 0.763 TD
0.9067 Tc
[(=-)-3138.1(+)]TJ
9.3437 0.4661 TD
0 Tc
(\346)Tj
0 -1.0495 TD
(\350)Tj
1.5964 1.0495 TD
(\366)Tj
0 -1.0495 TD
(\370)Tj
1.1146 0.5833 TD
(-)Tj
3.1875 0.4661 TD
(\346)Tj
0 -1.0495 TD
(\350)Tj
1.5964 1.0495 TD
(\366)Tj
0 -1.0495 TD
(\370)Tj
/F3 1 Tf
-16.0521 0.5833 TD
0.9115 Tc
[(33)661.5(1)911.5(3)]TJ
4.0182 0.6276 TD
0 Tc
(2)Tj
1.9896 -0.6276 TD
0.25 Tc
[(36)250(6)]TJ
3.1172 0.6276 TD
0 Tc
(2)Tj
2.8177 -0.6276 TD
0.25 Tc
[(15)250(3)]TJ
3.0807 0.6276 TD
0 Tc
(2)Tj
7.001 0 0 6.982 343.914 480.231 Tm
9.5982 Tc
(23)Tj
12.002 0 0 11.97 238.802 466.547 Tm
1.1172 Tc
[(.*)-1612(.)-36.4(*)-2914(. Proceedings of ACI Journal, 66(11), 866874. Customary units are given to the closest)Tj
0 -1.14 TD
0.0001 Tw
(inch: 1, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, etc. And as you get older, it'll be wise to reduce the amount of axial loading you perform in the gym. $)n9MI8gk Next, round that number up \(or down depending on the application\))Tj
T*
0.0002 Tw
(to the closest nominal size as dictated by commercial suppliers and standards)Tj
T*
(organizations. )rtS!Vccs The strength of a material can be known with the help of axial load. !HS9n!S. In the above diagram, assume that the cylinder is made of stainless steel, the Youngs Modulus value of which is 180 GPa, having a radius of 0.25 m, and a length 1 m. The gravitational acceleration acts on the load, the value of which is 9.8m/s2. Mechanical loads are associated with casing hanging weight, shock loads during running, packer loads during production and workovers, and hanger loads. 2003; Masuoka et al. +X&Eg7O(B1MMakJ+@_5rMIF$pJ79`G&0m(C!l>#UMJu!l+KtiB=Khg7\Gs-u)mDej Eccentrically loaded concrete columns under sustained load. )Tj
4.0208 0.763 TD
0 Tc
(. 2012; Dimitriadis et al. ()7Ms&ePZc%LigS$4-tC"pG,3!W`9P73b90+L!2#YQQ9t84Y?a81cA],=Z(F When your CNS is constantly bombarded with more stressors, your hormonal systems are taxed as well. The deformation is)Tj
T*
0 Tw
(related to the internal normal load )Tj
/F8 1 Tf
13.8318 0 TD
(P)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
0.6082 0 TD
(, the length of the member )Tj
/F8 1 Tf
10.8047 0 TD
(L)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
0.5553 0 TD
(, the modulus of)Tj
-25.8 -1.16 TD
(elasticity )Tj
/F8 1 Tf
3.86 0 TD
(E)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
0.62 0 TD
0.0002 Tw
(, and the cross-sectional area )Tj
/F8 1 Tf
11.78 0 TD
(A )Tj
/F4 1 Tf
0.861 0 TD
0 Tw
(in the following way:)Tj
-14.121 -6.9 TD
0.0002 Tw
(As one can see in \(3\), more information is needed with each successive equation. Axial loading is defined as applying a force on a structure directly along an axis of the structure. )Tj
/F9 1 Tf
-3.875 3.6953 TD
3.0239 Tc
[(==)-1140.6(=)]TJ
11.9427 -0.763 TD
0 Tc
(-)Tj
-12.3229 -2.1693 TD
(=)Tj
2.9948 -0.763 TD
(-)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-1.7734 3.6953 TD
2.9059 Tc
(KK)Tj
5.5208 0.6276 TD
0 Tc
(P)Tj
-0.9531 -1.3906 TD
(A)Tj
3.7187 0.763 TD
(K)Tj
2.5078 0.6276 TD
(P)Tj
-1.5938 -1.3906 TD
0.3861 Tc
[(tW)-827.8(D)]TJ
-9.5807 -2.1693 TD
0 Tc
(K)Tj
2.9609 0.6276 TD
(P)Tj
-2.0443 -1.3906 TD
(W)Tj
6.999 0 0 7 262.073 629.363 Tm
(nom)Tj
6.4018 -1.3125 TD
(reduced)Tj
-12.5313 -3.7187 TD
(all)Tj
/F3 1 Tf
21.8527 3.7232 TD
(1)Tj
-15.9911 -5.0268 TD
(1)Tj
11.998 0 0 12 263.791 604.707 Tm
(16)Tj
1.013 -1.3906 TD
0.25 Tc
[(02)250(5)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 90.001 531.137 Tm
0 Tc
(\267)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
0.46 0 TD
( )Tj
/F4 1 Tf
1.04 0 TD
0.0002 Tw
(We must first choose a W)Tj
6.96 0 0 6.96 232.321 528.737 Tm
0 Tw
(1)Tj
12 0 0 12 235.921 531.137 Tm
0.0001 Tw
( to start with and find the K value corresponding to it. Service load analysis of slender reinforced concrete columns. When a load is introduced in a perfectly balanced way on a spinning object, it will not hamper its motion. 4%1B&6s6id:c(+"AKsWO,=Q0O,=Q"EM0,@s9I1a>C2Yt$`AAKsVdYQH4[@Uj'oYQH4\A["*Ze6:! This can cause deformations in the object, which are a result of the stress caused by the load. Applying a factor of safety, we find that )Tj
/F10 1 Tf
24.22 0 TD
0 Tw
(t)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.96 0 0 6.96 385.921 409.697 Tm
(all)Tj
12 0 0 12 392.881 412.097 Tm
( = 11.61 ksi. !iQU The)Tj
-10.66 -1.14 TD
0.0002 Tw
(following formula is found in Roark and Young \(1989\); it defines the value of K for a)Tj
0 -1.16 TD
(hole based on geometric properties. *)Tj
2.8802 -0.763 TD
0.6615 Tc
(*. must be specified in all design)Tj
0 -1.16 TD
0.0003 Tw
(projects; typical values for stress analysis are 1>
/ExtGState <<
/GS1 14 0 R
>>
>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
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>>
stream
!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8!&ag8 3.1 (a)) and the applied load is tensile. CSK, XZ: Analyzing Experimental Results, and Revising the Manuscript. !7LrW )Tj
0 -1.14 TD
0.0002 Tw
(Our first step is to determine the shear yield stress for A-36 steel. We must:)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
T*
(\267)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
0.46 0 TD
( )Tj
/F4 1 Tf
1.04 0 TD
0.0002 Tw
(Guess at a value for the width of the upper section)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
-1.5 -1.14 TD
0 Tw
(\267)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
0.46 0 TD
( )Tj
/F4 1 Tf
1.04 0 TD
0.0002 Tw
(Substitute it into a formula or use a graph to find K, the stress concentration factor)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
-1.5 -1.18 TD
0 Tw
(\267)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
0.46 0 TD
( )Tj
/F4 1 Tf
1.04 0 TD
(Calculate )Tj
/F10 1 Tf
4.0272 0 TD
(s)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.96 0 0 6.96 163.564 387.377 Tm
(trial)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 90.001 375.377 Tm
(\267)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
0.46 0 TD
( )Tj
/F4 1 Tf
1.04 0 TD
(Check )Tj
/F10 1 Tf
2.8052 0 TD
(s)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
6.96 0 0 6.96 148.899 372.977 Tm
(trial )Tj
12 0 0 12 163.592 375.377 Tm
0.0002 Tw
(against an allowable stress to see if our guess was accurate within a)Tj
-4.6326 -1.18 TD
(reasonable tolerance or not. For a circular hole it is usually the width minus the diameter of the hole. )rq# This is)Tj
-25.72 -1.2 TD
0.0002 Tw
(approximately 52% of the strength for compression and tension. The flexion-extension cycle stiffness was not different between the two groups until 4000 . ,9XJs>#ABH+L$hn,?Z.nm86t1+L"R.,?Z.nOAT+)+Ku;C,?Z05/M&"e72T]++KtlS +@WM(G%cb%?plRt!O3">6R+s0$8!e/YmLk+,=;hj/-)mj,B0mg(Hql((F*n(!Z+9d ,U>fH=]i3N+96IO;HUI0Eu,re=]nD-"9DFD>Ze8R,t15,,pbuJ=]i3MJ,m_\;HUI0 ACI Committee 209. The impacts of D/T, steel grade and L/D ratio under axial loading on CFST columns were investigated through a parametric analysis using the proposed model. More hysteresis energy was lost up to 3000 cycles of loading in the axial torque group (P<0.014). Axial loads are applied along the longitudinal or centroidal axis of a structural member. (=W8JNYQ.X)YQH2U"!tJW^c8k(^c3:;"!tJW^c5J"=]lmk )Tj
ET
1 g
133.681 162.737 321.84 193.68 re
f
0.004 w
134.161 355.817 320.88 -192.48 re
S
0.753 g
161.521 339.617 278.16 -145.44 re
f*
0.005 w
161.521 215.295 m
439.685 215.295 l
161.521 235.455 m
439.685 235.455 l
161.521 256.815 m
439.685 256.815 l
161.521 276.975 m
439.685 276.975 l
161.521 298.335 m
439.685 298.335 l
161.521 318.495 m
439.685 318.495 l
161.521 339.615 m
439.685 339.615 l
S
0.502 G
1.2 w
161.521 339.017 m
440.641 339.017 l
S
0.96 w
440.161 339.617 m
440.161 192.977 l
S
1.2 w
161.521 193.577 m
440.641 193.577 l
S
0.96 w
162.001 339.617 m
162.001 192.977 l
S
0 G
0.004 w
161.523 339.617 m
161.523 194.172 l
S
0.005 w
159.601 194.175 m
161.525 194.175 l
159.601 215.295 m
161.525 215.295 l
159.601 235.455 m
161.525 235.455 l
159.601 256.815 m
161.525 256.815 l
159.601 276.975 m
161.525 276.975 l
159.601 298.335 m
161.525 298.335 l
159.601 318.495 m
161.525 318.495 l
159.601 339.615 m
161.525 339.615 l
161.521 194.175 m
439.685 194.175 l
S
0.004 w
161.523 194.177 m
161.523 191.772 l
201.603 194.177 m
201.603 191.772 l
240.723 194.177 m
240.723 191.772 l
280.563 194.177 m
280.563 191.772 l
320.643 194.177 m
320.643 191.772 l
360.723 194.177 m
360.723 191.772 l
399.603 194.177 m
399.603 191.772 l
439.683 194.177 m
439.683 191.772 l
S
0 0 0.502 rg
161.521 318.497 m
162.481 318.497 l
166.561 317.297 l
166.561 316.097 l
165.601 316.097 l
161.521 317.297 l
f
165.601 317.297 m
166.561 317.297 l
170.641 316.097 l
170.641 314.897 l
169.681 314.897 l
165.601 316.097 l
f
169.681 316.097 m
170.641 316.097 l
174.481 315.137 l
174.481 313.937 l
173.521 313.937 l
169.681 314.897 l
f
173.521 315.137 m
174.481 315.137 l
178.561 313.937 l
178.561 312.737 l
177.601 312.737 l
173.521 313.937 l
f
177.601 313.937 m
178.561 313.937 l
182.641 312.737 l
182.641 311.537 l
181.681 311.537 l
177.601 312.737 l
f
181.681 312.737 m
182.641 312.737 l
186.481 311.777 l
186.481 310.577 l
185.521 310.577 l
181.681 311.537 l
f
185.521 311.777 m
186.481 311.777 l
190.561 310.577 l
190.561 309.377 l
189.601 309.377 l
185.521 310.577 l
f
189.601 310.577 m
190.561 310.577 l
194.641 309.377 l
194.641 308.177 l
193.681 308.177 l
189.601 309.377 l
f
193.681 309.377 m
194.641 309.377 l
198.481 308.417 l
198.481 307.217 l
197.521 307.217 l
193.681 308.177 l
f
197.521 308.417 m
198.481 308.417 l
202.561 307.217 l
202.561 306.017 l
201.601 306.017 l
197.521 307.217 l
f
201.601 307.217 m
202.561 307.217 l
206.641 306.017 l
206.641 304.817 l
205.681 304.817 l
201.601 306.017 l
f
205.681 306.017 m
206.641 306.017 l
210.481 305.057 l
210.481 303.857 l
209.521 303.857 l
205.681 304.817 l
f
209.521 305.057 m
210.481 305.057 l
214.561 303.857 l
214.561 302.657 l
213.601 302.657 l
209.521 303.857 l
f
0 0 0.502 RG
1.2 w
213.601 303.257 m
218.641 303.257 l
S
217.681 303.857 m
218.641 303.857 l
222.481 302.657 l
222.481 301.457 l
221.521 301.457 l
217.681 302.657 l
f
221.521 302.657 m
222.481 302.657 l
226.561 301.697 l
226.561 300.497 l
225.601 300.497 l
221.521 301.457 l
f
225.601 301.697 m
226.561 301.697 l
230.641 300.497 l
230.641 299.297 l
229.681 299.297 l
225.601 300.497 l
f
229.681 299.897 m
233.521 299.897 l
S
232.561 300.497 m
233.521 300.497 l
237.601 299.297 l
237.601 298.097 l
236.641 298.097 l
232.561 299.297 l
f
236.641 299.297 m
237.601 299.297 l
241.681 298.337 l
241.681 297.137 l
240.721 297.137 l
236.641 298.097 l
f
240.721 298.337 m
241.681 298.337 l
245.521 297.137 l
245.521 295.937 l
244.561 295.937 l
240.721 297.137 l
f
244.561 296.537 m
249.601 296.537 l
248.641 296.537 m
251.521 296.537 l
S
250.561 297.137 m
251.521 297.137 l
253.681 295.937 l
253.681 294.737 l
252.721 294.737 l
250.561 295.937 l
f
252.721 295.337 m
257.521 295.337 l
S
256.561 295.937 m
257.521 295.937 l
261.601 294.977 l
261.601 293.777 l
260.641 293.777 l
256.561 294.737 l
f
260.641 294.977 m
261.601 294.977 l
265.681 293.777 l
265.681 292.577 l
264.721 292.577 l
260.641 293.777 l
f
264.721 293.177 m
269.521 293.177 l
268.561 293.177 m
271.681 293.177 l
S
270.721 293.777 m
271.681 293.777 l
273.601 292.577 l
273.601 291.377 l
272.641 291.377 l
270.721 292.577 l
f
272.641 291.977 m
277.681 291.977 l
276.721 291.977 m
279.601 291.977 l
S
278.641 292.577 m
279.601 292.577 l
281.521 291.617 l
281.521 290.417 l
280.561 290.417 l
278.641 291.377 l
f
280.561 291.017 m
285.601 291.017 l
284.641 291.017 m
287.521 291.017 l
S
286.561 291.617 m
287.521 291.617 l
289.681 290.417 l
289.681 289.217 l
288.721 289.217 l
286.561 290.417 l
f
288.721 289.817 m
293.521 289.817 l
292.561 289.817 m
295.681 289.817 l
S
294.721 290.417 m
295.681 290.417 l
297.601 289.217 l
297.601 288.017 l
296.641 288.017 l
294.721 289.217 l
f
296.641 288.617 m
301.681 288.617 l
300.721 288.617 m
305.521 288.617 l
304.561 288.617 m
307.681 288.617 l
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306.721 289.217 m
307.681 289.217 l
309.601 288.257 l
309.601 287.057 l
308.641 287.057 l
306.721 288.017 l
f
308.641 287.657 m
313.681 287.657 l
312.721 287.657 m
315.601 287.657 l
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314.641 288.257 m
315.601 288.257 l
317.521 287.057 l
317.521 285.857 l
316.561 285.857 l
314.641 287.057 l
f
316.561 286.457 m
321.601 286.457 l
320.641 286.457 m
325.681 286.457 l
324.721 286.457 m
327.601 286.457 l
S
326.641 287.057 m
327.601 287.057 l
329.521 285.857 l
329.521 284.657 l
328.561 284.657 l
326.641 285.857 l
f
328.561 285.257 m
333.601 285.257 l
332.641 285.257 m
337.681 285.257 l
336.721 285.257 m
339.601 285.257 l
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338.641 285.857 m
339.601 285.857 l
341.521 284.897 l
341.521 283.697 l
340.561 283.697 l
338.641 284.657 l
f
340.561 284.297 m
345.601 284.297 l
344.641 284.297 m
349.681 284.297 l
348.721 284.297 m
353.521 284.297 l
352.561 284.297 m
355.681 284.297 l
S
354.721 284.897 m
355.681 284.897 l
357.601 283.697 l
357.601 282.497 l
356.641 282.497 l
354.721 283.697 l
f
356.641 283.097 m
361.681 283.097 l
360.721 283.097 m
365.521 283.097 l
364.561 283.097 m
369.601 283.097 l
368.641 283.097 m
372.481 283.097 l
371.521 283.097 m
374.641 283.097 l
S
373.681 283.697 m
374.641 283.697 l
376.561 282.497 l
376.561 281.297 l
375.601 281.297 l
373.681 282.497 l
f
375.601 281.897 m
380.641 281.897 l
379.681 281.897 m
384.481 281.897 l
383.521 281.897 m
388.561 281.897 l
387.601 281.897 m
392.641 281.897 l
391.681 281.897 m
394.561 281.897 l
S
393.601 282.497 m
394.561 282.497 l
396.481 281.537 l
396.481 280.337 l
395.521 280.337 l
393.601 281.297 l
f
395.521 280.937 m
400.561 280.937 l
S
BT
/F6 1 Tf
8.321 0 0 9.319 150.957 190.316 Tm
0 g
0 Tw
(0)Tj
-0.8364 2.2922 TD
0.0263 Tc
(0.5)Tj
0.8364 2.1633 TD
0 Tc
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This website uses cookies to improve your experience. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Mickleborough, N. C., & Gilbert, R. I. -*RLu!?ak9&7A$O7^*G386H9C+WDRJ=Y22/&joo+%'Tj\YQQ6V$tLSn@:ZkQ#Z4^. !4W"p"&/c9!#P\X!)*E.!EB,f!1EnV!13bl!!E:H!,2EI!*9/)AsA. !.4ct!0I8H!1j1t!4`*U!8.A*!8de9!kB!-eL0!2T\! *9/u )Tj
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(1. /?fdT=99ED=Y20t<3R!&>Zt5h)^-A-/M++=6X3_%YQQ8V"=46\A0YVnA@MjM;-:%* *)]TJ
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12 0 0 12 90.001 429.857 Tm
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Swannery Court, Weymouth Flats For Sale, First Death Anniversary Rituals, Articles O
Swannery Court, Weymouth Flats For Sale, First Death Anniversary Rituals, Articles O