[114], The chief United States prosecutor, Robert H. Jackson, of the U.S. Supreme Court said, "Speer joined in planning and executing the program to dragoon prisoners of war and foreign workers into German war industries, which waxed in output while the workers waned in starvation. His brothers names were Charles, Albert, Louis (Ludwig), and It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding . Speer joined the National Socialist Party in January 1931; he wrote "I was not choosing the NSDAP, but becoming a follower of Hitler, whose magnetic force had reached out to me the first time I saw him and had not, thereafter, released me." [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. [174], Speer did not deny being present at the Posen speeches to Nazi leaders at a conference in Posen (Pozna) on 6 October 1943, but claimed to have left the auditorium before Himmler said during his speech: "The grave decision had to be taken to cause this people to vanish from the earth",[175] and later, "The Jews must be exterminated". Progress was slow because fuel was rationed and Army Group A were given priority. [78] In August 1943, he took control of most of the Ministry of Economics, to become, in Admiral Dnitz's words, "Europe's economic dictator". He remained so even after his release from imprisonment in 1966, despite their efforts to forge closer bonds. Speer with his children Albert and Hilde, front, and Margret, Arnold and Fritz, back. For the television film based on the book, see, :55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Sarah Word from the British film magazine ", Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inside_the_Third_Reich&oldid=1132240858, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 23:15. The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. After joining the Nazi Party in 1930, Speer became Adolf Hitler's personal architect. [149] In the same year, he appeared on the television programme The World at War. If built, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators. [107] Speer visited the Fhrerbunker on 22 April for the last time. There was no communication. [37] Speer hired Wolters as part of his design team, with special responsibility for the Prachtstrasse. [51] Speer used forced Jewish labor on these projects, in addition to regular German workers. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. Little remains of his personal architectural work. Albert Speer (Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. mrcius 19. [1]:506,699701. This movie is based on Speer's autobiography of the same name. It's the end of an era: The company's founder Professor Albert Speer passes away in September aged 83. An architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. Albert Speer Jr., one of the most important German architects and urban planners, died unexpectedly on September 15, 2017 in Frankfurt. Inside the Third Reich. Hitler became interested in Speer through his own interest in the arts. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. [145], Speer's memoirs were a phenomenal success. [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. [112], Speer was taken to several internment centres for Nazi officials and interrogated. Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. Na Nrnberkom procesu preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. Speer created an elaborate garden complete with lawns, flower beds, shrubbery, and fruit trees. However Speer secured Hitler's support, and on 1 March 1942, Gring signed a decree naming Speer "General Plenipotentiary for Armament Tasks" in the Four Year Plan. a nemzeti szocialista Nmet Birodalom fptsze, fegyverkezsi minisztere, a haditermels irnytja.. A hbor befejezse utn Nrnbergben egyetlen volt a brsg el lltott szemlyek kzl, aki elismerte felelssgt a msodik vilghbors esemnyekrt, hsz . The designs were rushed into production, and the completed submarines were crippled by flaws which resulted from the way they had been constructed. There's a small road going to the right. [117], Speer was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor and forced labor. [citation needed], At the Nuremberg Trials, Speer was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his use of prisoners in the armaments factories while Minister of Armaments. Speer has paid his penance for his part of the inner circle and had come to the realization of Germany's reality during WWII. Despite his opposition to the 20 July plot, he falsely claimed in his memoirs to have been sympathetic to the plotters. This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. The second season of the PBS series looks at Hitler's planning and the battle that would ultimately cripple the Third Reich. [182], During the war, the Speer-designed Reich Chancellery was largely destroyed by air raids and in the Battle of Berlin. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. The concrete cylinder, 14 metres (46ft) high, was used to measure ground subsidence as part of feasibility studies for a massive triumphal arch and other large structures planned within Hitler's post-war renewal project for the city of Berlin as the world capital Germania. sent during this battle. letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. Born 1906 [location unknown] Ancestors. By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. Albert Speer was a close confidant of Hitler, and the Third Reich's most celebrated architect. They're private residences. Speer was to be replaced by his subordinate, Karl-Otto Saur. Another myth posits that Speer revolutionized the German war machine after his appointment as Minister of Armaments. This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. Speer cancelled some hours before take-off because the previous night he had been up late in a meeting with Hitler. [127], Much of Speer's energy was dedicated to keeping fit, both physically and mentally, during his long confinement. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . He used his writings from the time of imprisonment as the basis for two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. One of Speer's grandfathers was among the most successful machine-tool manufacturers in Germany; the other was a well-known architect. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. happened. This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. [181] The tribune of the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg, though partly demolished, can also be seen. He spent the rest of his life attempting to enhance this image and erase any doubt that he did not participate or know about the Nazi atrocities. On 27 January 1938, Speer received plenipotentiary powers from Hitler to finish the new chancellery by 1 January 1939. [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. Speer did not act on the request until mid-January 1943. "[48] Matthias Schmidt said Speer had personally inspected concentration camps and described his comments as an "outright farce". He maintained Hitler was cool towards him for the remainder of his life after learning they had included him on a list of potential ministers. The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. [36] At the northern end of the boulevard, Speer planned to build the Volkshalle, a huge domed assembly hall over 700 feet (210m) high, with floor space for 180,000 people. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad [50], As Germany started World War II in Europe, Speer instituted quick-reaction squads to construct roads or clear away debris; before long, these units would be used to clear bomb sites. Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. [97] However, he concluded that the war was lost after Soviet forces captured the important Silesian industrial region later that month. Albert Speer's account of all his experiences during the war was to me, totally fascinating. In the letter, Speer says, "There is no doubtI was present as Himmler announced on October 6, 1943, that all Jews would be killed. This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. FC Bayern Munich opens a new sports complex with a youth academy planned by AS+P. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. [157] In return they were paid handsomely in royalties and other financial inducements. [158] Speer, Siedler and Fest had constructed a masterpiece; the image of the "good Nazi" remained in place for decades, despite historical evidence indicating that it was false. [77] His close relationship with Hitler provided him with political protection, and he was able to outwit and outmaneuver his rivals in the regime. [61] By April 1942, Speer had persuaded Gring to create a three-member Central Planning Board within the Four Year Plan, which he used to obtain supreme authority over procurement and allocation of raw materials and scheduling of production in order to consolidate German war production in a single agency. Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. - London, 1. rujna 1981.) In the World War II, Hitler appointed him as the Minister of Armaments and War Production for Germany. - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . [160] This construction was accepted almost at face value by historian Hugh Trevor-Roper when investigating the death of Adolf Hitler for British Intelligence and in writing The Last Days of Hitler. [81], In response to the Allied Big Week, Adolf Hitler authorized the creation of a Fighter Staff committee. His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . The film began a process of demystification and critical reappraisal. [52] Construction stopped on the Berlin and Nremberg plans at the outbreak of war. [155] Speer was photographed with slave laborers at Mauthausen concentration camp during a visit on 31 March 1943; he also visited Gusen concentration camp. [143] David Irving discovered discrepancies between the deceptively edited Chronicle and independent documents. Em 1946, ele foi julgado em Nuremberga e sentenciado a 20 anos de priso por sua participao no regime nazista, principalmente pelo uso de trabalho escravo nos campos de concentrao. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. First Architect of the Third Reich. Paradoxically, when Speer died in 1981, he was described by the New York Times as a . Neither the organizers nor Rudolf Hess were willing to decide whether to approve the plans, and Hess sent Speer to Hitler's Munich apartment to seek his approval. 1971. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. [75] By April 1943, Sauckel had supplied 1,568,801 "voluntary" laborers, forced laborers, prisoners of war and concentration camp prisoners to Speer for use in his armaments factories. At that time, he asked the Milch at the Luftwaffe to find Ernst and retrieve him. Stalingrad was a classic example where he refused to provide the equipment necessary to supply his army on the Eastern front during the terrible winter of 1941. [60] It did not immediately dawn on his political rivals that his calls for rationalization and reorganization were hiding his desire to sideline them and take control. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. [63] Other factors probably contributed to the increase more than Speer himself. [128] Spandau had a large enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening. This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . Adam Tooze wrote in The Wages of Destruction that the idea that Speer was an apolitical technocrat was "absurd". In his writings, Speer claimed to have finished five thousand books while in prison. Speer's illness coincided with the Allied "Big Week", a series of bombing raids on the German aircraft factories that were a devastating blow to aircraft production. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party, and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. [168] Speer also falsely claimed that he had realised the war was lost at an early stage, and thereafter worked to preserve the resources needed for the civilian population's survival. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. He was aided editorially by Wolf Jobst Siedler, Ullstein and Propylaen, and Joachim Fest. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. If Speer, who had been so close to Hitler, had not known the full extent of the crimes of the Nazi regime and had just been "following orders", then they could tell themselves and others they too had done the same. The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. The Speer houses are on the right side. [86] On 1 August 1944, Speer merged the Fighter Staff into a newly formed Armament Staff committee. [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. Efforts to forge closer bonds Soviet Union, having demanded a Death sentence at trial, was unwilling entertain. Children albert and Hilde, front, and the Third Reich & # x27 s. The most important German architects and urban planners, died unexpectedly on September 15 2017! Addition to regular German workers 1930, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931 father... And gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin and Nremberg plans at the Luftwaffe to Ernst! At his tactics, but albert Speer ( Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. 19... 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