A French film based on his lifetitled Djangowas also released recently. With first and second-degree burns covering half of his body, the doctors warned Django that he would never play the guitar again due to his badly burnt left hand, and what more they would have to amputate his paralyzed right leg. Jean Baptiste "Django" Reinhardt ( 23. januar 1910 - 16. maj 1953) var en fransk / belgisk jazzguitarist, der var en af de frste fremtrdende europiske jazzmusikere, som blev bermt pga. [52], In 1984 the Kool Jazz Festival, held in Carnegie Hall and Avery Fisher Hall, was dedicated entirely to Reinhardt. Jean-Baptiste Reinhardt, cigny nevn Django, 1910. janur 23 -n szletett egy lakkocsiban Liberchies vrosban, Belgiumban. The group was among the first to play jazz that featured the guitar as a lead instrument. Harlan Ellison's short story "Django" is a fantasia about a guitarist, with similarities to Reinhardt. In the 1930s, jazz guitarist Emmet Ray idolizes Django Reinhardt, faces gangsters and falls in love with a mute woman. . In 1953, he collaborated with the famed jazz musician Dizzie Gillespie and created a few records. According to author Michael Dregni, Lousson spent a number of years travelling in Italy, then returned to France in the early 1990s. It was a Saturday, and it took a full day for a doctor to arrive. VO: In the Chapel of the National Institute for Blind Children, Django Reinhardt will, for the first time, hear his mass played on the organ, which he has written especially for the gypsies. Jean Reinhardt (23 January 1910 16 May 1953), known by his Romani nickname Django (French:[do jnat] or [do ent]), was a Romani-Belgian jazz guitarist and composer. January 23, 1910 in Liberchies, Pont--Celles, Reinhardt is the idol of the fictional 1930s guitarist Emmet Ray (played by Sean Penn), who passes out upon meeting Django in the Woody Allen film, Reinhardt is portrayed in the opening sequence of the 2003 animated film, He is portrayed by guitarist John Jorgenson in the movie, The song Johnny Depp plays in the river party scene in Lasse Hallstrm's, Reinhardt's music has been used in the soundtrack of many films, including the oracle scene in, Reinhardt is the idol of the character Arvid in the movie, An extended discussion of Reinhardt takes place among several characters in the novel From Here to Eternity by, Sealab 2021 paid tribute to Django in the episode "Bebop Cola." [17] In early 1934 both Reinhardt and Grappelli were members of Louis Vola's band. I really haven't heard it anywhere but with Django. During World War II both Roma and jazz musicians were targeted by the Nazi regime. His name was now drawing international attention, such as from British bandleader Jack Hylton, who came to France just to hear him play. Djangopedia: A wiki for all Django's recordings with discography, charts, online audio and video, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Django_Reinhardt&oldid=1040893, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Find (Attr.) Babik Reinhardt in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. His infallible technique, his daring, 'on the edge' improvisations coupled with his vastly advanced harmonic sense, took him to musical heights that Christian and many other Bop musicians never came near. They were also famous for using an inventive style of employing their guitars for percussion purposes, as they had no true percussion section. [16], After parting from his wife and son, Reinhardt traveled throughout France, getting occasional jobs playing music at small clubs. Announcer: Could you tell me Mr Reinhardt, what has compelled you to write this mass? [6], Using a Selmer guitar in the mid-1930s, his style took on new volume and expressiveness. In this ["Nuages"] graceful and eloquent melody, Django evoked the woes of the war that weighed on people's soulsand then transcended it all. This page was last edited on 18 August 2020, at 17:10. Django Reinhardt is jazz guitar's most dazzling soloist, improviser, and most important, innovator. Reinhardt re-formed the quintet, with Hubert Rostaing on clarinet replacing Grappelli. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article In 1928, Grappelli had been a member of the orchestra at the Ambassador Hotel while bandleader Paul Whiteman and Joe Venuti were performing there. Before he could start working with the band, Reinhardt faced a terrible accident. Director-screenwriter Etienne Comar works from a 2013 novel of historical fiction, "Folles de Django" by Alexis Salatko. It took a full day for a doctor to arrive and Django was declared dead on arrival at the hospital in Fontainebleau. [14] During his 18-month hospitalization, doctors recommended amputation of his badly damaged right leg. [13]:11, In the years after the fire, Reinhardt was rehabilitating and experimenting on the guitar that his brother had given him. A private and rather shy individual, Lousson performed in bars in Paris through the 1960s, most frequently accompanied by fellow guitarist Jean-Marie Pallen,[4] and appeared several times at the Django Reinhardt memorial festivals Samois-sur-Seine. Reinhardt, who was of Roma (Gypsy) parentage, traveled through France and Belgium as a boy and young man learning to play the violin, guitar, and banjo. [8] His mother, Laurence Reinhardt, was a dancer. [39][2]:cover[b], Jazz guitarists in the U.S., such as Charlie Byrd and Wes Montgomery, were influenced by his style. The first four are now available on Matelo's CD Tziganskaa and Other Rare Recordings, released by Hot Club Records (subsequently reissued as Tziganskaa: The Django Reinhardt Waltzes); "Chez Jacquet" was also recorded by Baro Ferret in 1966. Add to all this Django's staggering harmonic and melodic concept, huge sound, pulsating swing, sense of humour and sheer speed of execution, and it is little wonder that guitar players were knocked sideways upon their first encounter with this full-blown genius.[34]. Django Reinhardt 5/1953. His hugely innovative technique included, on a grand scale, such unheard of devices as melodies played in octaves, tremolo chords with shifting notes that sounded like whole horn sections, a complete array of natural and artificial harmonics, highly charged dissonances, super-fast chromatic runs from the open bass strings to the highest notes on the 1st string, an unbelievably flexible and driving right-hand, two and three octave arpeggios, advanced and unconventional chords and a use of the flattened fifth that predated be-bop by a decade. By the early 1940s, Django Reinhardt was considered by many to be Paris' greatest star. Alternatively, if Dallas derives his surname via his grandmother Kali who Dregni states was the daughter of Bella and her second husband, then Django - and thus Lousson - would be a relation by marriage only; the precise situation is presently unclear. By legend, the trip was a disaster: he arrived without his Selmer, never found a guitar he liked, was booed by audiences, and. He became adept at stealing chickens. Andrew Latimer, of the band Camel, has stated that he was influenced by Reinhardt. Django Reinhardt married Florine Mayer in 1927 according to gypsy custom although their marriage was not registered, and therefore not recognised under French law. Luckily, the young artist recovered unexpectedly well and within a year was able to walk again with the use of a cane. It has a little to do with the real Django Reinhardt, jazz guitarist . Django is still one of my main influences, I think, for lyricism. [63], Willie Nelson has been a lifelong Reinhardt fan, stating in his memoir, "This was a man who changed my musical life by giving me a whole new perspective on the guitar and, on an even more profound level, on my relationship with soundDuring my formative years, as I listened to Django's records, especially songs like 'Nuages' that I would play for the rest of my life, I studied his technique. This is one of the fundamental techniques . He would also periodically vanish for greater lengths, disappearing for a week or two to play at his beloved gypsy campfires. Django Reinhardt (1910-1953), guitarist of jazz with gypsy musicians, in a bar. He also produced some of his characteristic "effects" by moving a fixed shape (such as a diminished chord) rapidly up and down the fretboard, resulting in what one writer has called "intervallic cycling of melodic motifs and chords". Garcia was quoted in June 1985 in Frets Magazine: His technique is awesome! Show all results: To scrape together a little money, Bella had been making artificial flowers out of paper and highly flammable celluloid. 2008. As World War II was declared, the original quintet was on tour in the United Kingdom. A: Certainly you know, Mr Reinhardt, that in the world and particularly in France, it is said that you are the king of the gypsies. He continued to play in Paris jazz clubs and began playing electric guitar. It is granted to the best French jazz musician of the year. The entire left side of his body was badly burned and to spend 18 months in hospital. He was just 43 years old. [39] American country music artists Willie Nelson and Merle Haggard named their sixth and final collaborative studio album "Django and Jimmie". In 1943, Django married Sophie Ziegler in Salbris, with whom he had a son, Babik Reinhardt, who went on to become a respected guitarist in his own right. According to jazz guitarist Frank Vignola, almost every one of the worlds major guitarists have been influenced by Reinhardt. Reinhardt developed his initial musical approach via tutoring by relatives and exposure to other gypsy guitar players of the day, then playing the banjo-guitar alongside accordionists in the world of the Paris bal-musettes. Django was around his family all the time; when he was not hiding out with them, they would go to where he was. I Nationalencyklopedin beskrivs han som "en av jazzens mest virtuosa och stilbildande gitarrister". He never had any formal schooling. His devotees included classical guitarist Julian Bream and country guitarist Chet Atkins, who considered him one of the ten greatest guitarists of the twentieth century. An injury in a fire could have ended Django Reinhardt's career. The fire ravaged the caravan and Django, in addition to losing all of his possessions, was badly injured. "Stephane Grappelli is Europe's gift to jazz". At 18, Django married Bella, a girl from his gypsy camp. The names "Gagoug" and "Choti" were reportedly conferred by Django's widow Naguine on request from Matelo, who had learned the tunes without names. Burned while saving his pregnant wife, Django Reinhardt spent more than a year in and out of hospitals. [7][4] Francis-Alfred Moerman, who accompanied Sarane Ferret for many years, played with Lousson for several years in the 1960s and said, "Playing with Lousson was an extraordinary experience; he really had his father's genius in his fingers he really was unluckyhis talent was awesome, but he played in the 1960s, which were the worst years for jazz players, so he was never successful and left no [official] recordings. I believe he should be rated much more highly as a be-bop guitarist. In 1943 the tide of war turned against the Germans, with a considerable darkening of the situation in Paris. Two of his fingers were badly burnt and he thought that he would never be able to play the guitar again. I mean, the combination of incredible speed all the speed you could possibly want but also the thing of every note have a specific personality. His relative association of experience, reinforced by a profound rational knowledge of his instrument; the guitar's possibilities and limitations; his love for music and the expression of itall are a necessary adjunct to the means of expressing these emotions.[36]. Jean 'Django' Reinhardt (23 January 1910 - 16 May 1953) was a Belgian guitarist and composer credited with popularizing Gypsy jazz, as well as conceptualizing the style together with several other Gypsy musicians. Archtop Magazine, March 1988; reproduced in Cruickshank, 1994, p. 47. Such a feat would only be possible if Django could form a completely new method of playing developed around the permanently paralyzed third and fourth fingers of his left hand. Reinhardt, confident in the knowledge that the Nazis loved jazz music, despite Hitler's ban of the genre, would surely spare his talent. [35] For an unsurpassed insight into these techniques in use, interested persons should not miss viewing the only known synchronised (sound and vision) footage of Reinhardt in performance, playing on an instrumental version of the song "J'Attendrai" for the short jazz film Le Jazz Hot in 193839 (copies available on YouTube and elsewhere). The album contains the song "Django and Jimmie" which is a tribute to musicians Django Reinhardt and Jimmie Rodgers.[56]. He was sent back to Paris, where he tried developing other forms of music since the Nazis completely disapproved of jazz. Oxford;: Oxford University Press, 2004. Este considerat unul din cei mai mari chitariti de jazz ai tuturor timpurilor i este primul muzician de talie mondial "produs" de continentul european. Wherever he stayed, in fact, became an encampment for his extended family. He was one of the first major jazz talents to emerge in Europe and has been hailed as one. Django remains a cultural hero to maverick guitarists world-round who play his music as homage to the legendary architect of the "gypsy jazz" sound. Whilst his solos became less chordal and his lines more Christian-like, he retained his originality. At this time, he had not started playing jazz, although he had probably heard and had been intrigued by the version of jazz played by American expatriate bands like Billy Arnold's. The hour-long film was directed and written by Jamie Kastner, who traveled throughout the world to show the influence of Django's music in various countries. Reinhardt's talents and reputation as a musician in the city rose steadily, until, at the age of 18, Django knocked over a candle on his way to bed after returning home late one night after a performance. Django Reinhardt and Duke Ellington. On the night of 2 November 1928, Reinhardt was going to bed in the wagon that he and his wife shared in the caravan. (Organ begins to play) Also in the neighborhood was the artistic salon R-26, at which Reinhardt and Grappelli performed regularly as they developed their unique musical style. DR: All the gypsies in the entire world have made use of foreign masses for many centuries. Over the years, Django Reinhardts recordings have been released on several cassettes, EPs, and albums. "Django Reinhardt a reassessment". Born as Jean in Belgium, Reinhardt was of Manouche Romani descent. [19]:4549 The Quintette was one of the few well-known jazz ensembles composed only of stringed instruments. Jeff Beck described Reinhardt as "by far the most astonishing guitar player ever" and "quite superhuman".[61]. Born in Liberchies, Pont--Celles, Belgium, Django's name was taken from the Romany word meaning, "I awake." [2]:157 Official policy towards jazz was much less strict in occupied France, according to author Andy Fry, with jazz music frequently played on both Radio France, the official station of Vichy France, and Radio Paris, which was controlled by the Germans. No one thought he would play again. Using an early amplification system, he was able to work in more of a big-band format, in large ensembles with horn sections. Django returned to Paris at once, leaving behind his wife and band members, and quickly reformed the quintet with Hubert Rostaing on clarinet in place of Grappelli's violin. Five of his children were sons; Dregni states that one of them, Paul "Navire" Baumgartner, was the father of Dallas Baumgartner, a contemporary gypsy jazz guitarist. Django Reinhardt Jean Baptiste Reinhardt Guitarrista de jazz y compositor belga Naci el 23 de enero de 1910 en Liverchies, Blgica, en medio de una gira artstica familiar y en el seno de una familia gitana. Interview: A melodic debut segues into some melancholy half bends at 1:07, a common employment. There's a lot of guys that play fast and a lot of guys that play clean, and the guitar has come a long way as far as speed and clarity go, but nobody plays with the whole fullness of expression that Django has. He is also credited for having deeply influenced American jazz music. Hitler and Joseph Goebbels viewed jazz as un-German counterculture. [39], For about a decade after Reinhardt's death, interest in his musical style was minimal. One noteworthy gain from the trip to America was that he had left France playing swing, but returned thinking of beebop and modern jazz which would be the new direction he ultimately took. Django Jazz When Reinhardt first heard American jazz musicians like guitarist Eddie Lang, violinist Joe Venuti, and trumpeter Louis Armstrong, his improvisatory languageand, by extension, jazz guitar as we know itwas transformed.In 1931, Reinhardt met violinist Stphane Grappelli, and encounter that would lead to the formation of Quintette du Hot . He lived there for two years until May 16, 1953, when, while returning from the Avon, Seine-et-Marne train station, he collapsed outside his house from a brain hemorrhage. Since he did not read music, Reinhardt worked with an assistant to notate what he was improvising. Reinhardt survived World War II unscathed, unlike many other Gypsies who perished in concentration camps. Writing in 1945, Billy Neil and E. Gates stated that, Reinhardt set new standards by an almost incredible and hitherto unthought-of technique His ideas have a freshness and spontaneity that are at once fascinating and alluring [Nevertheless] The characteristics of Reinhardt's music are primarily emotional. For chords he developed a novel system based largely around 3-note chords, each of which could serve as the equivalent of several conventional chords in different inversions; for the treble notes he could employ his ring and little fingers to fret the relevant high strings even though he could not articulate these fingers independently, while in some chords he also employed his left hand thumb on the lowest string. So, how much is Django Reinhardt worth at the age of 43 years old? To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Django Reinhardt played by and from his heart, driven to excel in his craft out of his love for it more than his duty to it. It premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival in 2017. http://brokeandbeautiful.com/2014/django-reinhardt-djangofest-northwest/, http://elcorreoweb.es/aladar/django-reinhardt-el-genio-gitano-del-jazz-i-BH1119366, http://alldylan.com/today-the-who-released-live-at-leeds-in-1970/. His legacy was in part, created when he was caught in a large fire at a young age. sit nyskabende og karakteristiske spil. [19]:93 The single sold over 100,000 copies. [57], On 23 January 2010, Google Doodle celebrated Django Reinhards 100th Birthday.[58][59]. After . This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 08:58. With a persistant nature and dedication to his craft, Reinhardt, despite the odds, transitioned from prodigy to rising virtuoso by his early twenties. A full chronological listing of his lifetime recorded output is available from the source cited here,[72] and an index of individual tunes is available from the source cited here. Jazz Manouche and Gypsy Jazz. Reinhardt's nickname purportedly means 'I Awake' in the Romani language, however it may. His music remains as vital and exciting today as it was when he lived, a legacy of joy to all future generations that rediscover the genius of the Belgian gypsy Django Reinhardt. The Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb Life Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. He knocked over a candle, which ignited the extremely flammable celluloid that his wife used to make artificial flowers. He was once captured but a jazz loving German officer helped him escape. And the Sintis are the Gypsies that moved through Europe and live in Western Europe now. He had no specific goals, living a hand-to-mouth existence, spending his earnings as quickly as he made them. Additional problems occurred around the dilemma of Django never having learned to tune his own guitar (he had always relied upon his brother Joseph). Despite Reinhardt's great pride in touring with Ellington, he was never properly integrated into the band, playing only a few tunes at the end of each show with no special arrangements written especially for him. On 16 May 1953, while walking from the Gare de FontainebleauAvon Station after playing in a Paris club, he collapsed outside his house from a brain hemorrhage. Gypsy jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt was the first famous European jazz musician. Sweet and Lowdown: Directed by Woody Allen. It was released on 2 June 2015, by Legacy Recordings. From left to right: Baro Ferret, Lousson Baumgartner (son of Django Reinhardt), Reinhardt and Sarane Ferret. This union formed the Quintette du Hot Club de France, a group that quickly rose to fame and helped revolutionize traditional straight jazz with their unexampled, feverous sound. After the war, Reinhardt rejoined Grappelli in the UK and went on to tour the United States in 1946 with Duke Ellington's orchestra as a special guest soloist. His music earned him a lot of popularity and even gained the young man worldwide attention. Django Reinhardt (23 January 1910 - 16 May 1953) was a pioneering virtuoso Belgian jazz guitarist and composer. In his final recordings, made with his Nouvelle Quintette in the last few months of his life, he had begun moving in a new musical direction, in which he assimilated the vocabulary of bebop and fused it with his own melodic style.[33]. These "electric period" Reinhardt recordings have in general received less popular re-release and critical analysis than his pre-war releases (the latter also extending to the period from 1940 to 1945 when Grappelli was absent, which included some of his most famous compositions such as "Nuages"), but are also a fascinating area of Reinhardt's work to study,[38] and have begun to be revived by players such as the Rosenberg Trio (with their 2010 release "Djangologists") and Birli Lagrne. He used three guitarists along with an accordion lead, violin, and bass. This was in part due to the help of a Luftwaffe official named Dietrich Schulz-Khn, also known as "Doktor Jazz," who deeply admired Reinhardt's music. SonicHits. Performers included Grappelli, Benny Carter, and Mike Peters with his group of seven musicians. Musician. Even more, I studied his gentleness. He reportedly had either ten [9] or sixteen children. After "going electric," the results were not as well received by fans. The British guitarist Diz Disley plays in a style based on Reinhardt's technique and he collaborated on numerous projects with Stphane Grappelli; Reinhardt also had an influence on other styles and musical genres, including Western Swing, notably in the work of Bob Wills. SonicHits. Reinhardt recorded over 900 sides in his recording career, from 1928 to 1953, the majority as sides of the then-prevalent 78-RPM records, with the remainder as acetates, transcription discs, private and off-air recordings (of radio broadcasts), and part of a film soundtrack. When he was 14, the young artist began his professional career accompanying the popular accordionist, Guerino, in underworld Parisian dance halls. Today, there is no other jazz musician who has a whole genre developed in his wake. As good as players are, they haven't gotten to where he is. [ 6] He had to eventually return to France, as though he was promised jobs in California, he was not granted any. After having played a broad spectrum of music, he was introduced to American jazz by an acquaintance, mile Savitry, whose record collection included such musical luminaries as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Joe Venuti and Eddie Lang. Severe rationing was in place, and members of Django's circle were being captured by the Nazis or joining the resistance. [2]:169 In France, they were used as slave labour on farms and in factories. I am very loved by them, and I thank them by offering to them this mass. A small number of waltzes composed by Reinhardt in his youth were never recorded by the composer, but were retained in the repertoire of his associates and several are still played today. Jazz Manouche and Gypsy Jazz It's the first time I have heard the composition on the organ. Since the Nazis were against jazz music, Reinhardt felt the need to escape from France. [11]:160 was released in 2005. He only played when the spirit moved him, and perhaps behaved similarly in many other facets of his life, as well. Even today, he is still regarded as one of the most prominent jazz performers to have ever lived. [39][a] During his career he wrote nearly 100 songs, according to jazz guitarist Frank Vignola. Many guitar players and other musicians have expressed admiration for Reinhardt or have cited him as a major influence. Select from premium (Attr.) He played a few tunes at the end of the show, backed by Ellington, with no special arrangements written for him. On the night of 2 November 1928, Reinhardt was going to bed in the wagon that he and his wife shared in the caravan. [13]:10 Hylton offered him a job on the spot, and Reinhardt accepted. As Lousson Baumgartner, the son himself became an accomplished musician who went on to record with his biological father. Reinhardt spent most of his youth in gypsy encampments close to Paris, spending carefree days immersed in music. It was then, in 1932 or 1933, that a friend of his invited him up to his apartment to listen to some records. Reinhardt was married by the time he was 17, and while living in a wagon with his wife, their home on wheels caught fire and Reinhardt's hands were badly burned . While he never regained the use of those two fingers, Reinhardt regained his musical mastery by focusing on his left index and middle fingers, using the two injured fingers only for chord work. Doctors believed that he would never play guitar again. Jean "Django" Reinhardt, born in Liberchies, Belgium on January 23, 1910, became such a legend even during his lifetime that his public admirers always wanted to know his latest moves, even when the man himself wanted solitude. The names of two of Lousson's children, Chti and Gagoug, were commemorated musically when Django's widow, Naguine, conferred them on two previously unpublished compositions of Django as subsequently recorded by Matelo Ferret in 1960.[11]. 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